Nguva dzeMakereke – Smirna, Nguva yeChipiri, 170 AD – 312 AD
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Smirna rinobva paizwi rekuti mura, zvinoreva kuti kuvava nerufu.
Iyi yaive nguva isina kugadzikana zvachose yaive nekuuraiwa kuzhinji, apo vanhu vanoda kukwana makumi masere vakazviita vabati veRoma mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzehushe kana muRoma mukati menguva iyi yakatora makore 142. Mumakore makumi maviri nematatu kubva muna 247 – 270 AD vanhu makumi matatu vakazvidaidza kuti vaive vabati. Mugore 238 AD vanomwe vevakazviita vabati vakauraiwa. Chiitiko chekusagadzikana kwakazara ichi pamusoro pekutsiviwa kwemavabati kwakaremadza kushe hweRoma nekuchengetedzeka kwahwo, zvakabva zvaderedzawo hupfumi hwayo. Hondo dzekupandukirana kwemarudzi dzakadya mari apo vanhu vane shungu vairwisa kuti vauraye vabati vaivepo vachivatsiva, zvakaita kuti mauto abude kubva munzvimbo dzakachengetedzeka vauraiwe nevarwi vemarudzi evatorwa aibva kuGerman, uye vaPesia vaie vaita simba rakawedzerwa.
Hushe hweRoma hwaive nedambudziko muhutungamiri hwahwo zvakaratidzira kukura kwedambudziko muhutungamiri hwekereke. Kereke imwe neimwe mumakereke ekutanga akatangwa nemapostora yaifanira kutungamirirwa neboka revakuru, zvichibva panzira uye mutemo weTestamente Itsva waive usingadi kugadziriswa kana kuwedzerwa kuti ufambirane neshanduko dzezviitiko zvenguva. Magwaro aivepo kuti avatungamirire munzira isingashanduki, sezvo Jesu akazviisa pakati pekereke imwe neimwe. Ndicho chikonzero nei Jesu achionekwa pakati pechigadziko chemwenje minomwe. MaKristu enguva iyi aive akaparadzirwa zvikuru sei nekuda kwekuuraiwa, hondo dzemarudzi, uye kupamba kwemarudzi evatorwa uye maPersia. Kwaive kuungana kwevanhu vachitevera Magwaro zvakazara kwakachengetedza vatendi vechokwadi. Rufu yaive shamwari yepedyo panguva iyi. Kupararira kwemaKristu aiuraiwa uku kwakaderedza kuipa kwekurwadziswa kwevatendi vechokwadi kwaikonzereswa nevanhu vaitungamirira kereke.
MATEO 18:20 Nokuti apo pakavungana vaviri kana vatatu muzita rangu, ndiripo pakati pavo.
Mapoka maduku akapararira aisada bato rezvechitendero raizovasungira pamunhu anotungamirira.
Asi mapato emakereke aive atanga kukura nekukasika pavakatanga kutsiviwa kwemabhishopu akaitwa nevanhu kuti atonge kereke muguta rimwe nerimwe. Kereke iyi inonzi “iri pamutemo” yakatangawo kuva nekuvava kukuru kune avo vaida kutevera havo Magwaro nemazvo. Kutsiviwa kwemabhishopu kwakaita kunge ndiko mhinduro yakanaka sezvo zvaipa kumwe kugadzikika nekurongeka munguva yaive isina kana kugadzikika. Nguva iyi haina kunyatsojeka, sezvo gore dema richiri rakaputira nhorondo yayo zhinji. Makore makumi mashanu pakati pemakore 235 – 284 AD anotsanangurwa zvakaneta kwazvo. Makore makumi mashanu ekushaiwa tsarukano zvakakonzereswa nehondo dzemarudzi uye makore makumi maviri ekuparadzwa nemarudzi evatorwa ekuGerman (makore akapoteredza 245 – 265 AD) akaita nguva iyi nguva yekusagadzikika. Zvakare, mutungamiri wePersia Shapur, aive muvengi weRoma akaipisisa weHannibari, atanga kuratidzira kutatu kukuru pakati pemakore 242 – 260 AD vachiitira Roma. Pakati pekuratidzira uku, aiunza kupamba kwepagore rega rega mumatunhu emuRoma.
Kuti akurire munguva dzisina kugadzikika idzi munguva dzaityisa dzakaipa idzi, makereke akaita chitadzo chikuru chekutanga “kutsiviwa kwemapostora” mune mamwe maguta akasarudzwa mukuita kwekuda kudzivirira chokwadi uye kupa hutungamiri hwakagadzikika. Vakati makereke “akatangwa” nemupostora chete ndiwo anokwanisa kutaura kuti ndiwo ane chokwadi. Idzi dzaive nhema dzakatanga kukura dzikakurira kereke.
249 – 260 AD aive makore gumi nerimwe akaipa kwazvo ekuuraiwa kwemaKristu pakati pehosha uye kushaiwa simba kwemari yavo pakakura kupera simba kwemari munyika. MaKristu akatanga kupomerwa zvakawedzerwa pamusoro penhamo idzi dzese, hushe hukatanga kuedza kuvaparadza. Negore 266 AD hushe hweRoma hwaive hwapatsanuka kuita zvikamu zvitatu nekuda kwehondo dzemarudzi. Zvichiparadza zviwanikwa, uye kuparadza mufaro wevanhu, mubati Aurelian nekuda kwehunyanzvi hukuru hwezvemauto uye hutsinye, kunyanya pamusoro pemaKristu, akabatanidzazve hushe muna 274 AD asata awira kubakatwa remuurayi wake muna 275 AD. Iyi yaive nguva yemakwikwi nekurwa nekurwisana kukuru.
Irenaeus, Bhishopu weLyons kubva kumakore ana 178 AD kusvika paakafa gore 200 AD richangodarika, (mazuva nemakore chaiwo munguva iyi haana tsarukano) aive mudzidzisi weBhaibheri mukuru munguva iyi. Akava Bhishopu makore maviri Commodus aipenga, ane hutsinye uye akaipa asati aita mubati wehushe uhu kubva muna 180 – 192 AD. Hutsinye, kushaiwa hanya, kuda simba, uye kutya kwakaita nekuumba hunhu hwemubati uyu. Commodus aive nehusimbe, aidisa kwazvo simba, akasimudzira munhu ainzi Cleander kuti afambise zvinhu muhurumende yake, venhorondo vanoti iyi ndiyo yaive hurumende yaive yakanyanya huwori munhorondo yese yeRoma panguva dzese. Ndiko kwaive kuipa kwehutungamiri apo Irenaeus akaita Bhishopu weLyons. Aive chiedza chakajekesesa cheMagwaro munguva yake, asi akararama munguva yehutungamiri hwakaipa munezvematongerwo enyika. Marcus Aurelius baba vaCommodus, vakaonekwa semubati akanakisa, asi akatanga kuuraiwa kwakaipa kwazvo kwemaKristu. Akavaita kuti varwadziswe zvakaipa kwazvo vasati vauraiwa. Kuita uku mumunhu aive mukuru wefirosofi kwaidakadza chose. Marcus Aurelius akaita kuti Bhishopu weLyons auraiwe mukati mekuuraiwa kwaive nehutsinye kwazvo. Uyu ndiye aive Bhishopu akatsiviwa naIrenaeus saBhishopu weLyons.
Saka munhu wese aive achida kwazvo hutungamiri hwekereke hwakagadzikika, zvaizovabatsira kurarama pasi pehutungamiri hwezvematongerwo enyika nekusagadzikika kwahwo uye mhirizhonga yaive mahuri. Munguva idzodzo dzaive dziri nguva dzekushungurudzika, nekuti mubati weRoma Commodus aive nehuwori kwazvo, uye baba vake Marcus Aurelius vaive nehutsinye hwekuuraya chaihwo kumaKristu, Irenaeus akasimbirira pakuita Bhishopu weRoma, munhu ainzwisisa kwazvo chero kuvabati, kuti ave mumiririri wechokwadi. Asi akangotaura pamusoro peRoma, kwete rimwewo guta zvaro. Saka zvinoita sekuti akati Bhishopu weRoma ndiye mutungamiri wechitendero. Saka zvinosuwisa, kuti nhume kunguva yechipiri iyi yakabva paMagwaro panyaya yekuona hutungamiri hwaBhishopu weRoma “akabva” kumupostora Petro sehutungamiri chaihwo. Rangarirai kuti iyi yaive nguva yakakanganisika chaizvo uye yaiuraiwa vanhu zvakanyanya apo makereke akatanga kutevera hutungamiri hwevanhu, nekutaura kuti mabhishopu akawanda aitsivana mumaguta kwaive kwambosvika mapostora zvakabva zvaita makereke, maari makereke iwayo ndimo mega mainzi vanhu vachasangana nechokwadi.
Zvikuru sei, Irenaeus aive nechokwadi chizhinji munguva yake, asi aivewo Bhishopu weguta reLyons raive risina mupostora aive atanga kereke imomo. Vakazotevera pakuita uku vaive Martin Tours, Columba wekuchitsuwa cheIona, Luther wekuWittenburg, Wesley wekuEngland, naWilliam Branham wekuJeffersonville kuAmerica vose vaizosimuka kunodzorera chokwadi kumaguta asina kubvira aona mupostora, uye vaive vasina kuyanana kunogona kurondwa nemaBhishopu munguva dzemakereke. Irenaeus aivewo munhu saka akatokanganisawo zvakanyanya panyaya iyi. Musafe makavimba mumaitiro kana mumazano emunhu akachenjera. Garai nezvakanyorwa muBhaibheri.
Kutsivana kwemapostora uku kwaiita sechinhu chakanakisa panguva iyoyo apo Roma, Antiokia, Jerusarema raive ravakwa patsva, neAlexandria zvakawana mbiri pakati pemaKristu. Makereke aive mumaguta maduku aikwanisa kudzidza kubva kwavari. Imwechete yemakereke akakosha aya yaizomira semuzinda wemamwe makereke akakosha aya. Makereke mashoma akakosha aya aizogara achitarisana achitsigirana. Asi maArabu echiMosiremu akaparadza zano iroro pavakabuda vari vahuzhinji kubva mumarenje eArabia muna 634 AD vakapamba Antiokia, Jerusarema, neAlexandria muna 641 AD. Makereke iwayo ndiwo akava simba rakarasika parutivi rwemaKristu, Roma ichibva yawana rukudzo rukuru sekereke imwechete yekumadokero yakatangwa nemupostora. Girisi yaive nemakereke akatangwa nemapostora, asi Girisi yaive chikamu chehushe hwekumabudazuva. Uyu mucherechedzo wakanakisa kana muenzaniso wekuti nei tisingambofaniri kubva paMagwaro. Hatigoni kuziva zviri mberi kwedu, saka mazano akaitwa nevanhu mune zvakanaka vachiedza kugadzirisa dambudziko renguva yavo rakaguma rakukudza kereke isiriyo nekutoiita kuti ive nesimba zhinji kwazvo. Saka Chokwadi chizhinji chakabva chaiswa “pakutsiviwa kwemaBhishopu”. Kuita uku kwese kwaive kunemuono wenguva pfupi kwazvo uye kusiri paMagwaro.
Irenaeus akanyora achiti,Tsika dzakabva kumapostora emukuru kuru, dzakare kare, uye kereke inozivikanwa pasi rese dzakatangwa nekurongwa paRoma nemapostora ekubwinya maviri Petro naPauro; zvavaivewo [nekunongedza] kutenda kwakaparidzwa kuvanhu, zvinouya kusvika kunguva yedu kupfurikidza kutsiviwa kwemabhishopu. Nekuti chinhu chakakosha kuti makereke ese anofanira kubvumirana nekereke iyi, munyaya dzesimba rayo guru.
Irenaeus akataura kuti Petro akatanga kereke yeRoma. Izvi hazvisirizvo zvachose. Petro haana kubvira asvika kuRoma.
Akabva ataura kuti kutsiviwa kwemabhishopu eRoma kwaive chokwadi chekutenda kwechipostora uye kunofanira kuitwa musimba guru. Asi Roma ikereke inotaurwa neMagwaro ichinzi mhombwe huru mai vemhombwe.
Izvi zvinoratidzawo kuti makuhwa ekuti Petro aive muRoma akadzokororwa kakawandisa zvekuti vanhu vese vakutenda mazviri. Ndiko kuita kukuru kwemafungiro evanhu nenhau dzavo. Chero vatungamiri vakanakisa chaivo vane zvavanototadzawo. Saka musavimbe mumapasita enyu nemafungiro avo, asi vimbai nezvakanyorwa muMagwaro.
Irenaeus akaramba achichengetedza kuti mabhishopu mumaguta akasiyana siyana anozivikanwa zvichibvira kumapostora uye kuti mabhishopu iwayo ndiwo anopa gwara rakachengetedzeka pakuturikirwa kweMagwaro. Zvinyorwa zvake, pamwechete mezvaClemente naIgnatius, zvinoonekwa zviri pakati pedzidziso dzekutanga dzekuedza kusimbisa dzidziso dzekereke yeRoman Catholic. Dzidziso iyi yakaita kuti Bhishopu weRoma ave mukuru wemamwe mabhishopu ese yaizova dambudziko nekukasika.
Irenaeus akataura kereke yepaRoma semuenzaniso wengetani dzesimba nehutungamiri husingagoni kuputswa. Dzidziso iyi yaireva kuti mamwe maguta aizogarova akakosha kudarika mamwe. Iyi ndiyo kiyi huru kutsika dzevaNikoraiti, dzekuita Bhishopu akanyanya kukosha akasimudzirwa pamusoro pemamwe mabhishopu asina kukosha.
Nemutsetse wemabhishopu akarehwa naIrenaeus, dzidziso dzekutsiviwa kwemapostora dzakatangwa zvakasimba mukereke munguva iyi. Kutsiviwa uku kwaive kwakakoshera kutangwa kwegetani dzezvinhu zvavaiti zvechokwadi. Irenaeus akaona izvi zvakakosha, zvisinei, kuti ataurewo nezvekutsiviwa kwehutungamiri hwevakuru pakereke (puresibheterio). Aasi pfungwa yekupedzisira iyi haina kukosheswa nevanhu sezvakaitwa ngetani dzakabatanidza chibhishopu.
Bhishopu weCarthage Cyprian, munyori wekereke akaita mbiri akafa muna 258 AD, akanyora achitsigira kubata kwemabhishopu pamusoro pekereke. Akati,
“Hakuna anokwanisa kuita Mwari Baba vake kana asina kereke yekuita mai vake.”
Kereke inokwanisa chete kuva mai vako kana muchiterera nekutevera bhishopu wekereke iyoyo.
Irenaeus akataurawo kuti vaNikoraiti vaive vateveri vaNicolas aive mumwechete wemadhikoni manomwe akatanga kusarudzwa nevapostora. Akataura kuti vairarama hupenyu hwekuripira matadzo kusingagumi. Panyaya iyi akarasika zvakazara. MaKristu ari nyore kunyengerwa nemakuhwa ekunyepa.
Kutsiviwa kwemaBhishopu, sevatungamiri vakasimudzirwa pamusoro peungano, ndiko tsika dzavaNikoraiti. Saka kereke munguva yechipiri yaive yatanga kubviswa padzidziso nenzira dzakashandiswa nevapostora veTestamente Itsva. Chiedza chekutanga chemapostora chaive chatanga kudzima.
Mwenje wechipiri waive watungidzwa. Chiedza chenguva iyi chaive chatanga kusiyana nechenguva yekutanga uye chaive chachidiki.
Kuuraiwa kukuru nemubati weRoma kwakatarisana nekereke, zvaishamisa kwazvo, kwakatokura zvikuru zvekuti masimba ekunze kwehushe hweRoma akakwanisa kuiparadza. Vaurayi uye vapupuri vaiona maKristu achitambudzwa vazhinji vavo vaizotendeuka zvakakudza huwandu hwemaKristu. Zviitiko zvinoda kukwana gumi zvekuuraiwa kwemaKristu nevabati veRoma, kutangira panaNero muna 64 AD, zvakazopera muna 312 AD. MaKristu anosvika mamiriyoni matatu aive auraiwa. Vazhinji vevabati veRoma vaive nehutsinye ava vakatonga munguva yekereke yechipiri. Negore 312 AD Satani aive adzidza chidzidzo chakaoma: Hakuna simba rehutsinye rinogona kuparadza kereke yemaKristu richibva kunze kwayo.
Hushe hweRoma hwaive hwapinzwa pakurwiswa zvishoma nezvishoma ne makereke aikura mairi kusvikira simba rese rehushe uhwu nezvahwaive nazvo zvaiswa pakuparadza makereke, makereke aya aive zvino akuda rubatsiro nekuchengetedzwa. Kereke yeRoma yaive nezvinhu zvekubatsira vazhinji vevakarwadziswa, uye maKristu aya aive akangotarisira kukereke yeRoma sekereke yaive amai vane rudo.
ZVAKAZARURWA 2:8 Nyorera mutumwa wekereke iri paSmirna, uti: Zvanzi naiye wokutanga nowokupedzisira, wakanga afa, akararama zve:
Iyi yaive nguva yaive nyore kufa. Makore makumi mashanu ehondo dzemarudzi. Makore makumi naviri ekupambwa uye hondo dzemiganhu nemarudzi evatorwa ekuGerman nePersia. Kuuraiwa kuzhinji kunosiririsa nevabati veRoma.
Smirna rakabva paizwi rekuti mura – mafuta anovava anobva pambiriso yemuti aishandiswa kuzodza vafi.
Saka Jesu akanyaradza vazhinji vaizouraiwa munguva iyi nekutanga nerufu rwake achinongedzera rumuko rwake kwaanozviratidza achirarama zvakare. Rufu harufaniri kutyisa maKristu nekuti rufu runozarura mukova weDenga nehupenyu husingaperi kumuKristu anenge atendeuka. Jesu ndiye wekutanga newekupedzisira zvinoreva kuti panosvika kuuraiwa, Jesu ndiye anotanga kupinda munhandare osimbisa maKristu pakurwadziswa kwavo, uye ndiyezve anopedzisira kubvamo. Nenzira iyoyo hakuna muKristu anofanira kufa ega. Huvepo hwaJesu hwakavanzika hunogara hunesu.
Ndiye wekutanga nowokupedzisira. Anoda kuti maKristu ekupedzisira afanane nemaKristu ekutangane nekuti haashanduke zvachose.
VAHEBERU 13:8 Jesu Kristu unogara akadaro zuro, nanhasi, nokusingaperi.
Asi nguva yechipiri iyi yaisafanira kuva nguva yekupedzisira yemaKristu nekuti vaive vatanga kubva pane zvakatendwa mazviri nekereke yeTestamente Itsva.
ZVAKAZARURWA 2:9 Ndinoziva mabasa ako nokutambudzika kwako novurombo bwako, (asi uri mufumi), nokutuka kwaivo vanoti, tiri vaJuda, vasi ivo chaivo, asi isinagoge raSatani,
MaKristu aya vaive varombo kana takatarisa pazvinhu zvenyika ino, asi vaive vakapfuma pakutenda nekuti vaimira neShoko raMwari kunyangwe dai vaifanira kurifira. Muhupenyu huno, vakatambura kwechinguvana, asi muhupenyu hunotevera, vane hupfumi husingaverengeki nekusingagumi. Saka havadembi chiro pavanorasikirwa nezvinhu zvenguva pfupi zvenyika ino sezvo mubairo wavo kuDenga wakanakisa kwazvo. Semukadzi anotambudzika kuzvara, asi neimwe nzira ndangariro dzemarwadzo ake nekutambudzika kwake zvinopera paanobata mwana wake mumaoko.
MaKristu aya vaive vanhu vainzwisisa. Dai vaive vakavaka pfuma pano panyika, maRoma vaive nemakaro vangadai vakavabira, vaizosara vasina chinhu zvakadaro. Saka vakafuratira pfuma yepanyika pano vakamira neMagwaro. Hupfumi hwekutenda kwavo hwaive hwakakura kwazvo zvekuti maoko evabati aisagona kuvatorera. Pavaiuraiwa, vaingoenda kunosangana nepfuma yavo yaive yakachengetedzwa kuDenga. Vanhu venguva vaifunga nemutowo wepamusoro-soro. Vaive nezvinhu zvishoma kwazvo, asi vaive nemuonero wakadzama kwazvo mukurusa muzvinhu zvaive zvakakosha.
Vaive varombo asi Mwari haana kubvira avasvora. Mune chidzidzo chakakosha mune izvozvo. Takatarisa, nguva yekupedzisira, Raodikia, yakapfuma, asi Mwari haana kubvira ataura chakanaka pamuroro payo. Saka chii chakaipa chatiri kuita panguva yekupedzisira?
Synagoge iungano kana sangano. Satani anounganidza vanhu uye vanounganidzwa nenzira dzisimo muMagwaro.
ISAYA 54:15 Tarira, vachavungana,asi kwete neni ...
Saka chinangwa chaDiaborosi chekutanga kumisikidza chimiro chekereke chisimo muMagwaro.
Mapostora ekutanga gumi nemaviri vaive nechokwadi vaive maJuda. Kutaura kuti vaive maJuda zvinoreva kuti vaiti vaive nechokwadi chekutanga. Asi Bhaibheri rinoti vaive varevi venhema. Kutaura nhema, morarama nadzo kwenguva refu, pakupedzisira, vanhu vanotenda mune zvamunotaura. Saka kereke yeRoma yaizosimuka kuva nesimba rinobva panhema.
Nguva yekereke yekutanga yakapera maKristu paakagamuchira nhema dzetsika dzevaNikoraiti, kusimudzirwa kwemunhu mutsvene pamusoro peungano, anozoisa hutungamiri hwemunhu uye mazano ake pakereke. Nhema idzi dzaitaura kuti kereke imwe neimwe yaifanira kuva nechiprista kana presibheterio inotungamirira kereke, uye guta rimwe nerimwe rinofanira kuva naBhishopu anotungamirira maprista. Saka chero Irenaeus, mutsvene mukuru wenguva iyoyo, akanyengerwa kuti ave bhishopu weguta reLyons makore akapoteredza 178 AD. Hakuna chinzvimbo chakaita sechabhishopu weguta chakabvira chatorwa nemunhu munguva yekereke yekutanga yeTestamente Itsva. Asi tsika iyi yaive yatangwa naIgnatius akazvidaidza kuti bhishopu weAntiokia, mumashure mekunge mupostora Johane afa muna 100 AD.
Kukanganisa kwaive kwatanga kupararira kwese kwese, maKristu achibva asarudza kusimbisa kukanganisa uku nekumwe kukanganisa kwakatokurisa kunonzi “kutsiviwa kwemapostora”. Kutenda kwemaOrthodox kwainzi ndekwabhishopu weguta anogona kuronda gwara rekutsiviwa kwemabhishopu mukati menguva zvaivayananisa nemupostora wekutanga aive atanga kereke muguta iroro. Kuita uku kwaive kwaziviswa nevanhu kwaiita sekwakachenjera asi kwaive kukanganisa kwakakura. Maguta mazhinji akaita seLyons uye Tours riri muFrance aizomira zvakasimba nechokwadi, zvisinei nekuti aive asina kubvira ashanyirwa nemupostora. MuRoma ndimo makambogara mupostora Pauro kwechinguvana, asi yaizova mai vemhombwe. Mamwe maguta, akafanana neEfeso, negore 170 AD aive atsakatika kubva pamepu nekuti habha huru yaive yanyura.
Dzidziso yekutsiviwa kwemapostora iyi yakapa maguta emuRoma (kwakaguma kwasvikwa naPauro), Antioka, Jerusarema, neAlexandria (vaitaura kuti Marko aive asvikako) simba guru pamusoro pemamwe makereke mumaguta maduku nekuti maguta aya aive akakura akapfuma. Rukudzo urwo rwakasimudzira bhishopu mumwechete pamusoro pemamwe mabhishopu rwaive rusingabvi muMagwaro. Nyaya yaivepo apa yaive yekuti mambo wenguva inouya Constantine aizovaka guta reConstantinople.
Bhishopu weConstantinople aizokudzwa sekukudzwa kwaiitwa weRoma, Antiokia, Jerusarema neAlexandria nekuti raive guta guru reRoma yekuMabvazuva, raive rakapfuma kudarika Roma yekumadokero, uyezve vaive nerutsigiro rwemubati aigara ikoko asi hakuna mupos tora aive amboshanyira constantinople sezvo raive rangovakwa makore akapoteredza 330 AD. Zvakadaro, maArabu paakabuda nehuwandu hwavo kubva mumarenje eArabia makore akapoteredza 634 AD, mumashure mekufa kwaMohammad, vakabva vapamba Antiokia nekukasika, zvakare Jerusarema neAlexandria. Makereke iwayo akakosha akabva anyangarika pakapindira maMosiremu. Kwakangosiiwa Roma neConstantinople. Saka vanhu vose vaive kumadokero vaive vatarisira kuRoma sezvo yaive ndiyo kereke yega yaizokwanisa kuti inekutsiviwa kwemapostora mairi. Munguva dzakaoma idzi kereke dzechokwadi dzainyuka dzichinyangarika dzozonomukira zvakare kune dzimwe nzvimbo apo Mweya Mutsvene waishanda mumoyo yevanhu vakazvimiririra vega. Asi kumuzambiringa wenhema, Rome yaive mukundi mukuru. Kereke yeRoma ndiyo yega bato rakararama pakuparara kwehushe hweRoma. Kutsiviwa kwemapostora kwakapa Roma rukudzo rukuru mumaziso epasi rese. Bhishopu weRoma, akazoita Pope makore akapoteredza 600 AD, akatanga kuisa simba rake pamusoro pemamwe maBhishopu. Negore 606 AD akazozviita Bhishopu mukuru nekuti ndiye ega munhu kuMadokero aikwanisa kutaura kuti aive chikamu chemutsetse wemabhishopu eRoma usina kugona kugurwa, aimuyananisa nemupostora aive ambosvika muRoma. Saka dzidziso yekutsiviwa kwemapositora, yakatanga munguva yekereke yechipiri sepfungwa yakachenjera kuitira kuchengetedza Chokwadi pakati pekukanganisa kuzhinji kwaive kwamuka, apa kwaive kwabereka kereke yakaipa kwazvo inodaidzwa kuti mai mhombwe muMagwaro. Ndiko kuita kukuru kwemafungiro evanhu akachenjera. Tinofanira kungodzidza kungorarama nezvakanyorwa muMagwaro. Patinozviitira mazano edu akachenjera kuti tibatsire Mwari, tinenge tisina kusiyana naAbrahama paakabereka Ishmaeri. Kubva kunaIshmaeri kwakaberekwa rudzi rwemaArabu, uye vamwevavo ndivo vaurayi vakuru vechiMosiremu. Kutadza kucharamba kuripo. Nhasi kune makereke akasina-siyana anosvika 45,000 akaisa chiedza chawo chakasiyana-siyana munhandare. Kuita kwakabatana kwezviedza zviri kubwinya izvi kungoripo pakutipofomadza nekupenya kwazvo. Saka tiri muNguva yeRima, nekuda kwezviyedza zvakawandisa zviri kurwisana nemafungiro evanhu, asi isu pese apa tinenge tichifunga kuti tiri kujekeserwa. Nzira imwechete chete yekuwana chokwadi inobva muBhaibheri reKing James Vhezheni. Mikana yekuti kereke yenyu inge ichinatsa mukana mumwechete pamikana 45,000. Zvakatonakisa kutenda kuti makereke edu ese mapofu, sezvo ndizvo zvinotaurwa neBhaibheri pamusoro penguva yekereke yekupedzisira.
ZVAKAZARURWA 3:14 Nyorera mutumwa wekereke iri paRaodhikia, uti:
17 Nokuti unoti, ndakafuma, ndakafumiswa, handishaiwi chinhu; usingazivi, kuti ndiwe unovurombo nenhamo, uri murombo nebofu usina chokufuka.
Kutaura kwaBhishopu weRoma, anoti ane simba pamusoro pemamwe maBhishopu, kwakakura zvishoma nezvishoma. Uyu ndiwo waive mweya weRoma, rudo rwekutonga nekuparadza hupikisi kusvikira vose vazvirereka kuhutongi hwayo hwedare.
Clement (91 – 100 AD) akanyora kuvaKorinte muzita rekereke yeRoma pasina kuburitswa kutaura kwesimba raPope pamusoro pavo.
Bhishopu weRoma Anicetus (154 – 168 AD) akakundikana kuita kuti Polycarp ashandure zuva reIsita kubva musi wa 14 Nisan, zuva rinobuda mwedzi wakazara.
Bhishopu weRoma Victor (190 – 202 AD) akatyisidzira kubvisa kereke yekuMabvazuva nekuda kwekuramba kubvisa Isita pamusi wa 14 Nisan. Kereke yeRoma yaidaidza maJuda kuti “vaurayi vaKristu”, vakaramba kuita Isita pazuva rimwechete nemaJuda musi wa 14 Nisani. Vaida kuisa mutemo uyu panemamwe makereke zvakare. (Chero nhasi hatichatoiti Isita zuva rinenge rakagara mwedzi wakazara). Asi ipapo Bhishopu Irenaeus wekuLyons akaraira Victor nekuda kwekuedza kwake kudairira mamwe makereke.
Bhishopu weRoma Stephen I (253 – 257 AD) akaedza kupindira mukusawirirana kwenyika yeNorth Afirca pamusoro perubapatidzo, asi Bhishopu Cyprian wekuCarthage akamuudza kuti abude mazviri sezvo Bhishopu mumwe nemumwe aive nesimba nenzvimbo yake yaaibata ari.
Saka munguva yekereke yechipiri iyi, Bhishopu weRoma akaita nheyo dzake nekuzviti aitsiva chipostora chaPauro naPetro. Pakutanga kwakaita nguva yekereke yechipiri, vanhu vose vaive vatenda munhema dzekuti Pauro akauraiwa muRoma. Chero Irenaeus akaona Bhishopu weRoma sesimba rekubata chokwadi, kwaive kukanganisa kwakaipa kwazvo.
Saka munguva yekereke yechipiri, Bhishopu weRoma aitambudzika kuti ave nesimba pamusoro pemamwe mabhishopu.
Asi nekukasika mumashure megore 400 AD, maVhandari erudzi rwevatorwa akaparadza Carthage muNorth Africa, uye muna 476 AD mubati wekupedzisira weRoma yekumadokero akabviswa nerudzi rwevatorwa. Mukusagadzikika nekutambura kwakatevera maKristu aifara kutarisira rubatsiro kubva kuna bhishopu weRoma kuitira kutungamirirwa uye rubatsiro rwemari. Panguva iyoyo vaigamuchira rubatsiro rwehutungamiri kana rwezvinhu kubva kune chero munhu. Kereke yese yaive yarasa tariro nedzidziso dzeTestamente Itsva. Mapoka maduku, emaKristu akapararira aiunganira Magwaro, ruzhinji rwaienda kumakereke makuru aionekera aive nembiri aive akakurira pasi pehutongi hwaBhishopu weRoma.
Dzimwe nhema dzaive dzatanga kunyuka dzaizopa bhishopu weRoma simba guru pamusoro pemarudzo evatorwa aive aparadza hushe.
Bhishopu weRoma Calixtus I (218 – 223 AD) ndiye aive wekutanga kutaura kuti Petro aive “Dombo” rekereke uye kuti ndizvowo zvaive bhishopu weRoma. Tertullian, munyori wechiKristu ane mbiri uye bhishopu weCarthage, aidaidzwa kuti Calixtus mupambi.
Asi apo kunetsana, kurwisana kwehumhondi, uye kusagadzikika munezvemari kwenguva yekereke yechipiri kwakakura, saka makereke mazhinji uye mabhishopu vakabatsirwa nezviwanikwa zvekereke yeRoma, saka vaive vasungirwa kutarisira kuna Bhishopu weRoma semutungamiri wavo.
Saka kereke yeRoma yakabva yatanga nhema dzaizobudirira zvikuru -- “Petro ane makiyi ekuzarura masuwo edenga, uye akapa simba iri kuna Bhishopu weRoma, parizvino ndiye ane simba pamusoro peavo vachapinda nevachatadza kupinda Denga.” Izvi zvakapa bhishopu weRoma simba guru.
Kereke yeRoma yaive yakunda kuvaka pfungwa yakachenjera iyi yakakudza mbiri nesimba ravo pakati pemapegani.
Petr ndiro raive izwi rekuIgipita raireva kuti pristi kana kuti (“interpreter”) “muturikiri” wezvakavanzika zvamwari.
Petr Roma ndiro raive bhuku dzvene raishandiswa kupemberera nekuturikira zvakavanzika zveguta reEleusis remaGiriki ekare, zvaikosheswa kwazvo nemapegani mazhinji. Eleusis raive guta raive pedyo neAthens. Saka kereke yeRoma yakatanga kufambisa guhwa rekuti Petro aive bhishopu weRoma wekutanga.
Izvi zvakabva pakutaura kwekufananidza kwekuti “Petro weRoma” zvakangoda kufanana nekuti Petr Roma”. Saka mapegani akakwanisa kukurudzirwa zviri nyore kuti Petro ndiye aive muturikiri wavo mukuru wezvakavanzika zvavo.
Petro akapedzisira kutaurwa nezvake muChitsauko 12 chebhuku raMabasa avapostora. Mumashure maizvozvo, akabva abva hakuna kuzoita zvakare nhorondo inobatika pamusoro pake kunze kwemwadhi dzake mbiri dzakanyorwa dzichibva kuBabironi, sezvo aive mupostora kumaJuda.
Babironi yakavanzika yaive isingatauri pamusoro peRoma yemapegani.
Mukadzi wenguvo tsvuku, Babironi yakavanzika, aive kereke yeRoman Catholic yaifanira kutanga yasimuka kuva nesimba kuitira kuti bhishopu wayo atonge maKristu eguta reRoma. Izvi zvaizoitika mugore 250 AD. Zvino kuti ive Babironi yakavanzika yaifanira kutanga kugamuchira zvakavanzika zveBabironi sezvainotenda zviri pamutemo, izvi zvakatangira pakanzuru yeNicacea muna 325 AD. Zvino kwakabva kwatevera senturi rekubatanidza mazwi echiKristu nezvitendero zvechipegani, sezuva rakaberekwa mwari wezuva musi wa 25 Zvita richibva raitwa zuva rakaberekwa Mwanakomana waMwari, Jesu. Mazai nematsuro zvemhemberero dzematsutso dzemwari wavo Ishita zvakashandurwa zvikaitwa maIsita egi nemaIsita bhani. Wanano pakati pekutenda uye chipegani yakaita kuti Pope Leo I, makore akapoteredza 450 AD, atore chinzvimbo chaPontiff – muprista mukuru wezvakavanzika zveBabironi.
Zvino kuti ikwanise kuva mukadzi akatasva chikara uye kuva simba pamusoro pechikara, Pope aifanira kuva nesimba munezvematongerwo enyika pamusoro peguta reRoma zvaigona chete kuitika mumashure mekuparadzwa kwehushe hweRoma yekumadokero muna 476 AD. Ipapo chete ndipo pazvaizosimbiswa kuti Roma ndiyo Babironi yakavanzika.
Tinoziva kuti Jesu akaprofita kuti Petro aizouraiwa. Vamwe vanoti izvi zvaizoitika kupfurikidza kurovererwa. Vamwe vanoti akakubira kurovererwa akaiswa musoro pasi makumbo mudenga, asi venhorondo havagoni kutsigira nhorondo iyi. Zvisinei pamusoro pehupenyu hwaPetro nguva yakazotevera, hapana ane nhorondo ine humbowo hunobatika, uye vanoziva chaivo havagoni kuzvitsanangura. Wezvenhorondo John Julius Norwich mubhuku rake rinonzi “The Popes, nhorondo papeji 4 inoti “Zvese izvi zvinogona kutaurwa pachokwadi pakati pesenturi rechipiri (makore akapoteredza 150 AD) inodaro iri nguva yevazukuru vevanhu vaivaziva- zvaitambirika kuti Petro naPauro vaive vauraiwa vese muRoma”.
Hakuna humbowo hwenhorondo hunotsigira kutaura uku kwekuti Petro akauraiwa kuRoma. Dzaingova nhema dzakatendwa madziri nekuti vanhu vakaramba vachidzokorora kutaura izvozvo. Chero nhasi, maKristu anoramba achidzokorora kutaura kuti vazivi vekumabvazuva vakapinda muchidyiro. Bhaibheri kuna Mateo rinotaura kuti vakapinda mumba. Asi nekuti munhu wese anoramba achidzokorora kutaura kuti vakapinda muchidyiro, nhema idzodzo dzakagamuchirwa sechokwadi. Vose vanoita zvekuratidzira vanoziva kuti vakaramba vachidzokorora nhema kakawanda, dzinozoguma dzagamuchirwa sechokwadi.
MATEO 2:11 Vakapinda (Vazivi vekumabvazuva) mumba, vakawana Mwana naMaria mai vake, vakawira pasi vakamunamata, vakasunungura fuma yavo, vakamupa zvipo zvendarama, nezvinonhuwira nemura.
Saka nei vanhu vakaramba vachitaura kuti Petro aive muRoma? Hazvifambirani nezvakaitika chaizvo.
Pauro anokwazisa vanhu vanoda kukwana makumi maviri nevasere muchitsauko chekupedzisira chemwadhi kuvaRoma. Asi hapana kutaurwa pamusoro paPetro. Saka zviri pachena Petro aive asipo, uyezve aive singatongi ari bhishopu. Hakuna Magwaro anoti Petro aive Bhishopu.
MATEO 8:14 Jesu, wakati achipinda mumba maPetro, akavona mai vomukadzi wake vavete vachinzwa fivhiri.
Petro aive akaroora. MaPope haatenderwe kuroora. Saka kutara kuti Petro ndiye Pope wekutanga zvakaipa.
Vavengi veRoma vaiuraiwa miviri yavo yokandirwa murwizi rwaierera zvinotyisa rweTiberi. Mikana yemupostora “wechitsotsi”, kunyanya muredziwo zvake anobva mudunhu remumaruwa eParesitina, kuti awane kuvigwa kwakanaka waisagoneka. Sezvo Petro haana kubvira apinda muRoma, haana kubvira afira muRoma.
Saka kuedza kuita Petro Pope wekutanga muRoma hazvifambirani nenyaya iyi.
Asi pane chinhu chaive chakasarudzika pamusoro peRoma sezvo yakagara yakaitwa mutungamiri munguva dzematambudzo uye kuuraiwa. Kereke yechipiri iyi yaizoona vabati veRoma vachiuraya maKristu zvinorwadza. Kereke yeRoma yaive nezviwanikwa zvekuti igone kubatsira vamwe, ichibva yatora mukana wekuita kubata kwayo kukuru.
Mumashure mekupasisa nekutsigira zvinyorwa zvekupedzisira zvemaBhuku eTestamente Itsva mupostora Johane akabva afa makore akapoteredza 100 AD, makereke mazhinji muguta akabva atanga kukwikwidzana pahutungamiri hwemakereke emaKristu. Makereke epanzvimbo aifanira kutungamirirwa nemapoka evakuru, aivaita kuti vagare pachokwadi munzira dzevapostora.
Chinyorwa chetirindasi chinozivikanwa nekunzi Shephard of Hermas, chakanyorwa muRoma chinguvana mumashure megore 100 AD, chinotaura “nezvemitemo yekereke’ kana kuti ‘vakuru vekereke’.
Muzvikamu zvezvinhu zvakanyorwa munhorondo, chero zvisinganyatsonzwisisiki, bhishopu wekutanga weRoma anoonekwa ari Anicetus kubva muna 155-166 AD. Asi Roma yaive nemapoka akawanda akasiyana emakereke, uye aive makore akapoteredza 250 AD pasati paita ainyatsotaura kuti ndiye aive bhishopu mukuru weRoma.
Negore AD 70 mapostora mazhinji aive auraiwa kana kuti vaive vaenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzaive muhushe hweRoma, uye Jerusarema raive raparadzwa nemauto eRoma vakauraya vanhu vaidarika miriyoni rimwechete vechiJuda. Saka kwaive kusina nzvimbo yaitonyatsozivikanwa kuti ndiyo yemaKristu. Asi vakuru vemakereke vane shungu vaive vatangawo kukura pamasimba.
Kereke yeRoma, nekupa rukudzo kukereke yemuguta guru reRoma, yakaona kuti yaive nesimba rakagara riripo pamusoro pemakereke.
Mumashure megore 180 AD, kusagadzikika nekufungira kukuru kwakakura zvakanyanya kudarika dzimwe nguva dzese. Hurumende yeRoma yakavimba nekubata nemubatiro wehudzvanyiriri. Marudzi eGermany akawedzera kumanikidza Roma kupinda muhondo dzaive parwizi rweDanube dzakaidhurira kwazvo, zvakabereka nguva yakaipa yekutorwa kwemari dzemutero dzakaramba dzichiwedzera. Muvengi weRoma wekumabvazuva Parthia aive atsiviwa nevaPersia vaitotyisa zvakanyanya. Nhamo nemakore makumi mashanu ehondo yemarudzi zvakawedzera kushushikana mavari. Kupamba kwevatorwa vechiGermany ndiko kwakapomerwa pazvinetso zvese izvi, saka vakarangwa nekuuraiwa mukurwadziswa kuzhinji. Saka hushe hwakabva hwapatsanurwa kuita zvidimbu zvitatu totenda hondo dzemarudzi. Aurelian, mukuru wemauto aive akanakisa kwazvo, akaita mubati akabatanidzazve hushe kuita nyika imwe. Kuti vapemberere, akaita 25 Zvita zuva rekuberekwa kwamwari wavo wezuva muna 274 AD.
Kunamata mwari wezuva kwakabatsira kubereka rudzi rwemapegani rwakazara. Diocletian akaitwa mubati muna 284 AD. Akavaka mizinda yerunako rukuru, izvi zvakakudza mabasa ehurumende, zvikaita kuti mauto ave nehuwandu hwakapetwa kaviri. Izvi zvese zvaikonzeresa kukwira kukuru mumari dzemutero. Diocletian akatanga chimiro chenyika yaive yakanyura pasi pehutongi hwake munezvematongerwo enyika, zvemagariro evanhu, uye zvetsika pamusoro pevanhu vese. Pazvese izvi, akasarudza kuwedzera kutonga munezvechitendero kuti akonzerese kurwadziswa kwemaKristu uye kuti abvise vanhu pasi pevamwari vechipegani. Makore akapoteredza 303 AD akatanga kuuraiwa kwaive nehutsinye hukuru kwazvo kudarika dzimwe nguva dzese, zvakare akatanga kuunganidzwa kwemaBhaibheri ese kuti amaparadze. Mumashure memakore maviri muna 305 AD, akadzora maitiro ake, asi kuuraiwa kwevanhu kwakaenderera mberi kwemakore masere, akava makore ekuti vanhu vakakanganisika akazoguma muna 312 AD.
Munguva yaive izere kurwisana iyi kereke yeRoma yaive yakazara nerudo pakubatsira vanhu vemakereke airwiswa nemarudzi evatorwa, hondo dzemarudzi , kana aisangana nekuuraiwa kwakaipa kwazvo. Zviitiko izvi zvakakurudzira makereke mazhinji kuti atarire kukereke yeRoma semugoveri wadzo, saka yakava mutungamiri wadzo. Kana munhu akatipa mari patinenge tiri pakushaiwa, zvinenge zviri nyore kugamuchira munhu iyeye semukuru wedu, uye tinenge tiripo pakuterera munhu iyeye pasina kugunun’una.
Vefirosofi vechiGiriki vakaongorora “zvakavanzika” zvaive kunze kwezvitendero zvechipegani. MaKristu akatanga kushandisa firosofi yemagiriki kugadzirisa mazano emapegani kumaita dzidziso dzemaKristu. Kereke, mukuedza kwayo kugadzirisa kukanganisa uku, yakazivisa hutungamiri hwevanhu hwakakanganisisa kereke, kutodarika chakaipa chavaiedza kugadzirisa. Tsika dzevaNikoraiti kwaive kusimudzira munhu mutsvene kuti ave pamusoro pesangano, zvakazotanga kugadzirisa hunhu hwekereke. Maprista akaiswa pazvigaro zvekutonga kereke imwe neimwe uye maBhishopu akaiswa pakutonga maprista. Negore 170 AD, pakapera nguva yekereke yekutanga, zvigaro zvemukereke zvakaitwa Bhishopu achitonga makereke muguta rimwe nerimwe neakapoteredza. Kuchibva kwauya pfungwa yekuti chokwadi chakabatwa mukutsiviwa kwemaBhishopu muguta raive rine kereke yakatangwa nemupostora.
Negore 250 AD zviwanikwa zvekereke yeRoma zvaive zvawandisa. Yairiritira chirikadzi 1500 nevamwe vanhu vaive vachishaya, zvaive zvakanaka. Vaitsigira bhishopu aive musoro wekereke, mapresibheterio 46, madhikoni manomwe, madhikoni eparutivi manomwe, maakoraiti 46, maekizosisiti 52 nevanoita mabhuku nevaverengi. Chimiro chezvinzvimbo zvakarongwa zvisimo muBhaibheri chaive chatanga kukura.
Mubati Decius, akatonga kwenguva duku yaive izere kukanganisika, muna 250 AD akatanga kuuraiwa kukuru kwemaKristu. Mabhishopu aive muhupoteri mazhinji akatizira kuRoma, kwavaikwanisa kuvanda muguta guru vachiwana rutsigiro kubva kukereke yeRoma. Kereke yeRoma yakapa rubatsiro rukuru kuvatendi uye vamwe vaive vasiri vatendi vaida rubatsiro. Izvi zvakasimbisa kwazvo mbiri yekereke yeRoman Catholic.
260 AD Gallienus akatanga kufarira maKristu nekuita kwavo. Mari neminda zvakatanga kupihwa kukereke yeRoma mumawiri evanhu. Hupfumi hwekereke hwakatanga kukura. Saka yakatanga kukwanisa kubatsira makereke mazhinji aive muhushe, uye makereke aya aive akatarisira kuRoma semutungamiri wawo, kunyanya munguva idzi dzekuyedzwa, kuurayiwa, uye kushaikwa kwemari.
Ipapo kereke yeRoma yaitsvaga kururamisirwa pakutonga kwayo kwayaipihwa nezvaiiwira uye chinzvimbo chayo. Gwaro rinowanikwa raive riri pakubata kukuru kana vaigona kungonyengera vanhu kuti vafunge kuti Petro aive ambosvika kuRoma.
MATEO 16:18 Neni ndinoti kwauri ndiwe Petro, pamusoro poruware urwu ndichavaka kereke yangu, masuvo eHedhesi haangaikundi.
19 Ndichakupa kiyi dzovushe hwokudenga. Chinhu chipi nechipi chauchasunga panyika chichasungwa kudenga nechinhu chipi nechipi chauchasunungura panyika chichasunungurwa kudenga.
Roma raive guta rechipegani. Nekuti Petro aive nekiyi dzedenga kuti azarure mukova kuti agonese mapegani. Vaizofara kwazvo kubatira Petro kana aizovazarurira Mukova weDenga.
Nekutadza kwekutsiviwa kwemapostora kwakatangwa nevanhu vanokudzwa vakaita saIrenaeus, bhishopu weRoma aive akukwanisa kutaura kuti ndiye akatsiva Petro, uye aive nesimba rekushandisa kiyi yake. Hakuna mumwe mupostora aive nekiyi yeDenga. Bhishopu weRoma, semunhu akatsiva Petro aizova bhishopu wepamusoro. Saka ruponeso rwaizobva pana bhishopu weRoma, aizokwanisa kuzarura Mukova weDenga, kwete pana Jesu. Kwaizova kutadza kukuru uye kwakachenjera.
Petr Roma (zvinonzwika zvakangofanana nekuti “Petro weRoma”) raive bhuku rinoyera raishandiswa kupemberera zvakavanzika zveEleusis, zvaiyanana neAetemis – anodaidzwa kuti mwari Diana. Ava ndivo vaive vamwari vekare veGirisi kubva kumakore akapoteredza 700 BC, vakazoenda kuRoma nekufamba kwenguva. Zvakavanzika izvi zvakaparidzwa pakati pemapegani, uye kana vakatenda kuti zvechokwadi Petro aive ambosvika kuRoma, vaizotambira zvakare kuti aive muturikiri wezvakavanzika (Petr) zvemapegani anozarura mukova weDenga.
Muchinyakare, mashoko aJesu akaita kuti Petro ave munhu anozarura masuwo eDenga kumaKristu.
Saka kana Petro aizotorwa nekereke yeRoma, zvaizovapa kuti vave nechinhu chikuru chinokosha. Muturikiri (tarirai izwi rekuti ‘petro’ (peter) rakavanzwa muizwi rekuti ‘interpreter’ muturikiri) wezvakavanzika zvemaGiriki muRoma aivewe munhu aive nekiyi kuDenga remaKristu.
Firosofi kana zivo dzemaGiriki dzaive dzakachenjera kwazvo. Saka vazivi vechigiriki pavainge vanatsa chakavanzika chechipegani, chaisara chiri chinhu chinoba njere nekukurudzira chero munhu asingadi. Petro, munhu mumwechete munhorondo yese aive nemakiyi eDenga, aive muturikiri mukuru.
Tichiwedzera, Jupita aive mwari wevaRoma mukuru. Zita rake raidaidzwa richinzi Ju- petro. Petro zvakare.
Saka muchina wekuratidzira wakabva watanga basa. Petro aive akafa uye aisakwanisa kupikisa zvavaitaura. Mumashure meChitsauko 12 chaMabasa avaPostora Petro aive anya ngarika kubva pakutaurwa kupi nekupi. Zera rakatevera raive risina chokwadi chakazara pamusoro pehupenyu hwake. Vazukuru vacho vaive vasitorinawo zvizhinji zvavaiziva pamusoro pehupenyu hwake, uye sezvo kurwadziswa nekuurayiwa kwakaita kuti makereke atarire kuRoma kuti vawane rubatsiro, maKristu iwayo aida rubatsiro rweRoma vaisazopikisa kutaura kweRoma kwekuti Petro aive afira muRoma. Makore akapoteredza 250 AD, kereke yeRoma yaive yawana simba rakazara kuti vatore mutungamiri wavo kumuita Bhishopu weguta. Pakangoita munhu wavo bhishopu weguta reRoma, vakabva vadzokera kumashure kunoti Petro aive bhishopu wekutanga weRoma. Gore AD 70 risati rasvika, Petro achiri mupenyu, kwaive kusina bhishopu mumwechete aitonga guta. Bhishopu kana ovhasiya aingori mukuru. Kereke imwe neimwe yaive nevakuru vakati wandei – vaidaidzwawo kuti mabhishopu. Muguta reFiripi:
VAFIRIPI 1:1 Pauro naTimotio, varanda vaKristu Jesu, kuvatsvene vose munaKristu Jesu, vari paFiripi, navatariri navaranda vekereke
Vanhu pavakangotenda kuti Petro aive bhishopu wekutanga, mutsetse wemabhishopu wakaitwa kuti petro ayananiswe nabhishopu aivepo panguva iyoyo muRoma. Uku kwaive kutsiviwa kwemupostora. Kune mitsetse yemabhishou yakasiyana yekare yemabhishopu eRoma asingawirirane, saka kutsiviwa kwemabhishopu kunosvika pakubva pamavambo asinganzwisisiki.
Asi nekufamba kwenguva, mutsetse wemabhishopu uyu unotangira panaPetro wakakudzwa kuitwa dzidziso yakakura ‘yekutsiviwa kwemapostora’. Bhishopu aivepo muRoma akabva ati simba raPetro rekuzarura mukova weDenga raive rapihwa vakatsiva Petro, vaive mabhishopu eRoma.
Aive munhu mumwechete panyika aikwanisa kukuzarurira masuwo edenga. Asi aisazogona kuita izvi kunze kwekunge waizviwisira kune zvaaitenda mazviri. Asi zvakadaro, kana aive asingakude kana kuda zvaanotenda mazviri, aizokuvharira mukova wotadza kupinda Denga. Izvi zvaigoneka sei? Bhishopu weRoma aiti aive mumiririri waPetro panyika, saka Petro aizarura mukova weDenga kune avo vaive vatenderwa nabhishopu weRoma chete.
Bhishopu weRoma aive ane simba rinotyisa. Magumo ako aive mumako ake kuti uzive kuti waizorarama nekusingagumi here.
Mumashure megore 400 AD apo Bhishopu weRoma paakawana simba rakawandisa kuti azvidaidze kuti Pope, ipapo chigaro chaPope chakabva chaiswa kunzi chakavapo zuva raive kumashure shure munhorondo, Petro akadaidzwa kuti Pope wekutanga.
Saka maPope ndiwo ava nemutsetse murefu kwazvo wehutongi pahutungamiri hwehudzvayiriri panyika.
ZVAKAZARURWA 17:8 Chikara chawavona, chaiva po, hachichipo; chodokukwira chichibva mugomba rakadzikadzika kundoparadzwa; vanogara panyika vasina kunyorwa mazita avo mubhuku yovupenyu kubva pakusikwa kwenyika, vachashamiswa kana vachivona chikara, kuti chaivapo, hachichipo, vuye chichazovapo.
Pope ndiye musoro wechitendero chikurusa chezvematongerwo enyika cheRoman Catholic kana chikara. Pane chero nguva munhorondo Pope aitonga kereke, akabva afa, chaivepo, hachichipo, vuye chichavapo nekuti Pope mutsva anenge asarudzwa kuti atore nzvimbo yake. Saka kutsiviwa kwemaPope kwakaenderera mberi. Nheyo huru dzesimba ravo dzinobva pakuzviti ndivo vamiririri vaPetro pano panyika vane makiyi ake zvinovapa simba rekuvhura nekuvhara masuwo eDenga.
Mifananidzo iri muruvara rwebhuru inomiririra maPope kubva kunguva dzakadarika apo mumwe nemumwe aive Pope. Mufananidzo mutsvuku unomiririra Pope anenge asisipo anenge afa. Mufananidzo mutema uri pamberi unomiririra Pope anenge avapo nekuti anenge achangosarudzwa.
Kutsiviwa kwemaPope kwakangofanana negwara remhuka yakatukwa ikazoshanduka kuita nyoka yakamirira musoro wayo, muchinda wekupedzisira Pope waantikristu wenguva yeKutambudzika kukuru. Pamwe achazvidaidza kuti Pope Petro II.
Tarirai kubva paMagwaro. Jesu ndiye mukova weDenga, asi Petro ndiye ane makiyi uye anosarudza kuti ozarura here musuwo kana kwete. Uye Petro anoita zvaaudzwa naPope kuti aite chete.
Saka Jesu haasisiri Muponesi. Petro ndiye akabata magumo ako mumaoko ake semuchengeti wesuwo. Zvakadaro, Pope ndiye akabata magumo ako nekuti ndiye anoudza Petro zvekuita. Satani akaita basa guru kwazvo pakubvisa Jesu pakuva Muponesi mumaziso edu.
Saka Jesu airevei paakapa Petro makiyi ekusunga nekusunungura kudenga?
MABASA 2:38 Petro akati kwavari: Tendevukai, mumwe nomumwe wenyu abhabhatidzwe nezita raJesu, kuti mukanganwirwe zvivi, mupiwe chipiwa choMweya Mutsvene.
39 Nokuti chipikirwa ndechenyu, navana venyu, navose vari kure, vanozodanwa naShe, Mwari wedu.
Kutendeuka kunozarura masuwo eDenga. Tinobva tabapatidzwa muZita raJesu Kristu kuti tive chikamu cheMwenga wake nekuti mwenga anotora zita remurume wake paanororwa.
Petro akabva akiya mukova werubapatidzo rwaJohane nekuti rwaive rwusisashandi.
Asi, sezvo kutendeuka nekubapatidzwa muZita raJesu zviri makiyi ekuzarura musuwo weDenga kuMwenga, zvinobva zvarwiswa newakaipa. Makereke anozosimuka asingaparidzi pamusoro pekutendeuka kubva kuzvivi kunobva pasi pemoyo kunotungamirira munhu kuti asangane nekupona apo Jesu anogamuchirwa seMuponesi anobvisa munhu kubva kuzvivi, otonga hupenyu hwemunhu iyeye. Kutendeuka ndiko kiyi inozarura masuwo eDenga.
Asi kune Mwenga nemusikana akarara, vese vakaponeswa.
Asi mwenga ega ndiye akagadzirira Kuuya kwaShe kwechipiri, nekuti Mwenga ega ndiye akatora Zita raJesu Kristu pakubapatidzwa. Baba Jesu Kristu vanoenda kumba namai Jesu Kristu chete. Baba Jesu Kristu havazoende kumba naMai Baba, Mwanakomana naMweya Mutsvene. Saka Satani anoramba achirwisa Zita raMwari ari Munhu, rinova Jesu Kristu. Saka Satani akaita zano rekuderedza Jesu Kristu kumusiya angori Mwanakomana waMwari. Saka Zita raJesu Kristu rinobva rabviswa parubapatidzo rwemvura, rotsiviwa nemazita ezvinzvimbo zvitatu.
Chimwe chinhu chikuru ndechekuti Kereke yeRoman Catholic inoti Petro ndiye Pope wavo wekutanga asina zvivi, asi vanoramba kutevera rubapatidzo rwaakaita muZita raJesu Kristu.
Vanoti vanotiudza Chokwadi, asi vanonyepa. Chokwadi chinouya chete nekutaura zvakataurwa muBhaibheri, kwete nekugadzirisa mavhesi emuBhaibheri kuti ataure zvatinoda isu.
JOHANE 17:17 Muvaite vatsvene muzvokwadi; shoko renyu izvokwadi.
ZVAKAZARURWA 2:10 Usatya izvo zvauchatambudzika nazvo. Tarira, Dhiabhorosi woda kuisa vamwe venyu mutorongo, kuti muidzwe; muchatambudzika mazuva anegumi. Uve wakatendeka kusvikira parufu, ndigokupa korona yovupenyu.
Nguva yekereke iyi, mumuono mukuru waMwari, yaive nechinangwa chayaifanira kuzadzisa. Vaifanira kuramba vachitenda munaJesu Kristu zvisinei nekuti hutsinye hwaishandiswa pavari hwaive hwakaita sei. Vaive vasiri panyika kuti vafare nekuita hupenyu hwakapfuma. Mufaro wavo waizouya muhupenyu hwaizotevera. Vaifanira kuratidza Satani kuti rufu, kuparadzwa, nekutambudzika hazvaikwanisa kuparadza kutenda kwemaKristu. Satani akatanga kuvauraya nechinangwa chekuvabvisa zvachose. Dutu kumashure kwedutu rekuuraiwa kwemaKristu kushungurudzika kukatsvaira pamusoro pavo, asi pakusuduruka kwedutu rimwe nerimwe vatendi vechokwadi vaive vachiri vakamira paBwe, rinova Zaruriro ine munhu mumwe nemumwe yekuti Jesu ndiyani kwaari. Jesu achirarama mumoyo memuKristu wakasimba paShoko raMwari anomufambisa nekumuchiridza kubva kuhondo dzose dzinouya. Panobva dutu rimwe nerimwe rekushungurudzwa, Satani akaona pakushamiswa kwake kuti vashoma vaive vasara vamire vaive vakatosimba kudarika zvavaive vari pakatanga kurwiswa. Ropa revakaurairwa Shoko raive mbeu yakaramba ichitunga ichikura.
MaKristu aya ainzwisisa kuti rufu rwaive mukova wakazarurwa wekupinda pahupenyu huri nani kwazvo kuDenga. Vakaenda pamagumo avo nekushinga kukuru nekutenda, zvichibva parudo rwavo naJesu neShoko rake.
Kutambudzika kwemazuva gumi aive makore gumi ekupedzisira ekuuraiwa kwemaKristu kwakatangwa naDiocletion kubva muna 303- 312 AD. Zuva rimwe rinokwanisa kumiririra gore muMagwaro.
GENESISI 29:27 Pedzisa vhiki yewaniso naiyeyu, tigokupa mumwewo pamusoro pebasa rauchandibatira mamwe makore manomwezve."
Vhiki mazuva manomwe anomiririra makore manomwe ekushanda.
Jakobo akashanda makore manomwe akapihwa musikana mukuru kune uyo waaida. Zvino aive akufanira kushandazve mamwe makore manomwe kuti awane waaida chaiye.
Izvi zvinomiririrei?
Mutestamente yekare Mwari aitungamirira maJuda kupfuura nguva nomwe, kutangira panaAbrahama akasiya rudo rwake rwekutanga paakapa Sara mukadzi wake kune umwe murume kuti amuroore. Nguva yechipiri ndeapo Josefa paakatambudzwa nehama dzake akatengeswa semuranda akatongerwa mhaka dzaaive asina kupara akagara mutorongo. Zvinhu zvese zvakamupandukira paakashingirira pakuedzwa nematambudziko ese aakatarisana nawo muhupenyu hwake.
Zvino Mosesi aifanira kukurira rudo rwemari apo mutungamiri wechitendero Aroni akavaka mhuru yendarama (toita setinogarozvinzwa izvi). Uye aifanira kurwisa dzidziso dzaBaramu akavodza maJuda achishandisa vakadzi vechiMoabi (zvichimiririra makereke) vaive akafanana, asi vasiri vakadzi vechiJuda. Baramu akaudzwa zvekuita nemunhu wezvematongerwo enyika, mambo Baraki. Constantine, munhu wezvematongerwo enyika akaitwa mubati, akavodza kereke pakanzuru yeNicaean muna 325 AD, akaita kuti kereke irorane nezvematongerwo enyika netsika dzechipegani. Pegamosi zvinoreva kuti wanano yakazara.
Eria akabva auya munguva dzerima kuvaIsraeri, vaive vanyura apo mambo akaipa Ahabu akatonga achitongwawo nemukadzi wake aive akaipa kwazvo, aive nechiso chakanyorwa nekunatswa nerunako rwekuwedzera Jezeberi (mucherechedzo wekereke inotonga Roman Catholic muNguva dzerima). Tiyatira zvinoreva kuti mukadzi anotonga.
Ezira akadzosera pfuma kutemberi yaive yavakwa patsva. Mucherechedzo waMartin Luther akadzosera ruponeso, pfuma yedu yechokwadi, nekutenda munaJesu Kristu kuTembere yaMwari, kereke yake. Saka vemasangano vakapunyuka kubva pakubata kwekereke yeRoman Catholic. Sardisi zvinoreva kuti vakapunyuka.
Nehemia akavaka masvingo eguta akaita kuti guta reJerusarema risimbe. Simba rechiKristu ndihwo hutsvene, nekuparidzira zvichibva parudo rwehama munaShe (Firadefia). John Wesley kuEngland akatungamirira kuita uku kwakateya nheyo dzenguva huru yemamamishinari.
Zvino Johane Mubapatidzi akauya panguva yechinomwe kumaJuda. Asi vakamuramba vakamuuraya. MaJuda vaive ndivo musikana mukuru (mukadzi mucherechedzo wekereke) aive ashandirwa naMwari muTestamente yekare. Apa aive akufanira kutangidza apo aive akushandira mwenga wake muHedeni, musikana muduku kana kuti kereke. Mwari aizopedzisira atungamirira kereke yemaHedeni mukati menguva nomwe dzemakereke kusvikira akwanisa kuvadzorera kudzidziso dzekutanga dzeTestamente Itsva.
ZVAKAZARURWA 2:11 Unenzeve, ngaanzwe zvinoreva Mweya kukereke; unokunda, haangakuvadzwi norufu rwechipiri.
Nguva imwe neimwe inoudzwa kuti inzwe zvinoreva Shoko, Mweya kukereke. Musashandure Magwaro kuti afambirane nezvamunoda imi nezviri kukuwirai, nekuti munobva masika matambudziko akakurisa. Chingogarai nezvinotaura Magwaro, zvisinei nezviri kukuwirai panguva iyoyo. Chinhu chakatoipisisa chingaitika kufa. Asi nguva yekereke yechipiri iyi yakangotarisana nerufu, uye izvi zvese zviri muhurongwa hwaMwari. Jesu ane makiyi erufu negehena hakuna muKristu anogona kufa kunze kwekunge Jesu atendera. Kana Jesu apa mvumo, ndufu dzedu dzinenge dziri mukuda kwake, uye zvinenge zviri izvo zvinhu zvakanakisa kwazvo zvinogona kuitika nekuti kuda kwake kunofanira kugarokurira kuda kwedu.
Rufu rwechipiri mugungwa remoto runorwadza kwazvo kusangana narwo. Ndingafa hangu pano panyika ndogona kuzopinda Denga, pachinzvimbo chekurarama pano ndozopinda mugungwa remoto nguva inouya. Zvichienzaniswa negungwa remoto rinouya, rufu rwechipiri, tine sarudzo iri nani kwazvo kana tikanzi tifire Jesu muhupenyu huno. Kana mukafa kuzvivi zvenyu mukazvarwa patsva, pamunofira Jesu muhupenyu huno. Kana mukafa kuzvivi mukazvarwa patsva, pamunofa panyama munokwanisa kudaidza izvi kuti rufu rwechipiri. Saka hamugoni kupinda mugungwa remoto nekuti urwu rwunozova rufu rwenyu rwechipiri rufu rwechipiri rwusimo muMagwaro.
Tese tinofanira kufa kaviri.
Saka tinozvarwa kamwechete, tofa kaviri. Panyama (rufu rwedu rwekutanga) nemugungwa remoto (rufu rwepiri).
Kana tikazvarwa tikafa kuzvivi (rufu rwekutanga) kuti tizvarwe patsva, zvino patinofa panyama, ndirwo rufu rwedu rwechipiri.
Nguva yekereke yechipiri iyi yaikoshesa rufu rwechipiri.
Vaviri ava vaive vafa kuzvivi (rufu rwekutanga) vakazvarwa patsva vachibva vatarisana nerufu rwavo rwechipiri (rwenyama) nekushinga sezvo vaiziva kuti haruzovakuvadzi. Rufu rwechipiri rwakangozarura masuwo edenga kwavari. Saka vaisazotarisana negungwa remoto rinova rufu rwepiri kune vasingatendi.
Nguva yekereke yechipiri iyi yaive yekutambudzika nekufa. Maive musina mukana wemagarikwa, nehupenyu hwehutefetefe. Kuva muKristu chaive chinhu chakaoma. Zvido zvemoyo yevanhu zvaiwanzoparadzwa mukuoma nekurwadza kwenguva iyi. Asi ndapota tarirai muone chimwe chinhu chakakosha kwazvo. Jesu haana kubvira azvidza nguva iyi nechero nzira zvayo.
MaKristu iwayo aive akangofanana nesu, vanhu vanotadzawo. Vaitokanganisawo. Asi vaive nechimwe chinhu chavaigona chakakosha. Vakafa kuzvido zvenyama yavo. Zvido zvenyama zvinokoshesa pfuma kubudirira uye hutefe tefe. MaKristu aya aikoshesa kutambudzika nekuda kwaJesu, kunyangwe dai kuda kwake kwaive kuti vafe. Vakaita zvaaida kuti vaite, kwete zvavaida kuita.
Mamiriyoni evanhu vakamufira, uye haana kubvira ataura chero chinhu chavakakanganisa. Kuisa kuda kwaMwari pamberi ndiko kiyi yekufadza Mwari.
Ndiyani ane basa nezvichaitika kwandiri, chero ndichiita kuda kwaMwari nekutendeka kuzere. Ndicho chakavanzika chechiKristu.
Satani akakundikana kuparadza kereke nekuratidza chisimba achibva kunze.
Aive adzidza chidzidzo chakaoma, munguva yaizotevera akasarudza kushandura maitiro ake kupfurikidza kusvibisa kereke neEvangeri rakaipa.