Kisimusi

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Izwi rekuti “Kisimusi” nezuva 25 Zvita hazvina kutaurwa muBhaibheri. Saka zvingani zviri muchiitiko ichi zvingori tsika dzevanhu uye zvisina maturo? Zvingani zviri muBhaibheri zvakadaro, zvinofanira kutendwa mazviri.

Kisimusi inomutsa mifungo yakaoma. Vakawanda vanotenda kuti ndiwo mwaka mutsvene. Vamwe vanoonawo semwaka usina maturo unoitwa nezvekunwa vanhu vachidhakwa. Kazhinji inguva yekufara nekusimbisa hukama asi inguvawo zvakare yekuchema kukuru vanhu vanofa mumigwagwa medu. Inguva yekupa nekuburitsa mari sezvo iri nguva inochengeterwa mari nevazhinji pagore rese, ichiteverwa nenguva yekutambudzika muna Ndira. Vanhu vakawanda vanotoda kushandisa mari zvakanyanya vachitenga zvipo zveKisimusi.

Tikanyatsopinda zvizere mukati menyaya iyi inobata kwazvo haisi nyore nekuti mune kushaikwa kwemaGwaro kunosuwisa uye chikamu chinotyisa kwazvo chetsika dzechipegani chinotora nzvimbo. Saka chii chinowanikwa muMagwaro uye chii chingoro ndangariro dzevanhu chakaitwa nevanhu munguva dzakadarika?

Ruponeso ndiMwari vanenge vachitiudza kuti totenda mune zvipi kupfurikidza kutevera Bhaibheri. Zvinhu zvatinotenda zvinobva muBhaibheri hazvina mbiri zvakanyanya muvanhu uye Bhaibheri rinoramba riri bhuku risina vakawanda vanoriverenga mudzimba dzevanhu. Chitendero ndeapo vanhu vanoedza kufadza Mwari nekutanga tsika dzavo vega. Tsika dzinenge dzatangwa idzi dzinozivikanwa zvakanyanya nevanhu saka chitendero (chichechi-chechi) {Churchianity zvinoreva kuti vanhu vanenge vachienda kukereke vachiti vari kunamata asi vasingateveri Bhaibheri nemazvo} chinobva chatsiva chokwadi (chiKristu). Tsika dzichipikisana neBhaibheri. Tsvagiridzo huru inobva yatanga.

Gore chairo rakaberekwa Jesu rinopikisanwa sezvo venhorondo vakawanda vachiriisa pakati pa 7 BC na 1 AD, zvichienderana nekuti unoda kuteverera vapi vacho. 4 BC ndiyo sarudzo yevazhinji. Saka, kuedza kupa gore raakaberekwa kwabva kwatonetsa, saka chingorangarirai kuti fungidziro dziripo pakuedza kutsvaga zuva raakaberekwa dzakaita sei.

Kana Bhaibheri risina kutaura zuva rakaberekwa Kristu, tinofanira kuedza kufungidzira here?

Kana pasina munhu ainamata muBhaibheri akambopemberera zuva raakaberekwa, tiri kuitira Mwari zvakanaka here nekupemberera zuva rakazvarwa Jesu? Ruponeso mirairo yaMwari inouya kwatiri kuti itiudze kuti tinoponeswa sei nenyasha kupfurikidza kutenda muShoko rake. Chitendero Ndivo vanhu vanoita mitemo yavo vega kana tsika dzavo vachiedza kufadza Mwari kubva mukudokwairira kwedu kuva vakarurama. Asi, zvinosuwisa, hamuna ruponeso muchitendero . Mwari havafadzwi nemafungiro evanhu.

“Christ’s Mass” izwi rakatorwa paChirungu chenguva dzepakati (Middle English) chekuti Cristemasse, chakabvawo paChirungu Chekare chekuti Crīstesmæsse, kutaura uku kwakatanga kutapwa muna 1038 AD.

Saka izwi rekuti “Kisimusi” rinokwanisa kurondwa chete kusvika pagore 1038 AD. Izwi rekuti Kisimusi rinodaro raive rakamboshandiswa asi hakuna zvinyorwa zvinotsigira izvi. “Christ's mass” (Kirisi-masi) rinoburitsa pachena kuti dzidziso iyi ndeyemitambo yekereke yeRoman Catholic. VeMasangano vakabuda mairi havaiti mitambo yechiCatholic yese yavanodaidza kuti ma “masi”. Kisimusi ndiyo yega yavakatambira. Nei?

Juda 1:3 ...ndichikurairai kuti murwire kwazvo kutenda kwakadeyi kupiwa vatsvene kamwe.

VaRoma 10:17 Naizvozvo kutenda kunouya nokunzwa, nokunzwa kunouya neshoko raMwari.

Kereke yenguva yekupedzisira yatiri kurarama mairi inokwanisa chete kuwana nzira kana ikadzokera kudzidziso dzekereke yekutanga yakatangwa nemapositora vakadzidziswa naJesu vakanyora Chokwadi seTestamente Itsva. Tinorasikirwa negwara redu kana tikatevera tsika dzemapegani nekuti hapana chinhu kana chimwe chavaitenda chinoreva chinhu. Izwi rekuti “Kisimusi” harina kubvira raonekwa muBhaibheri saka harisi chinhu chakaitwa kana kuteverwa nekereke yekutanga. Zuva 25 Zvita harina zvakare kunyorwa muBhaibheri.

Galatians 4:9 …modzokerazve seiko kune zvokuvamba zvisine simba...?

10 Munochegeta misi nemwedzi nenguva nemakore.

11 Ndinotya pamusoro penyu, kuti zvimwe ndakabate-basa kwamuri pasina.

Pauro aisada kufunganya nezvazvo rimwe zuva.

Kisimusi chinyakare chakatora pfungwa dzakasiyana siyana kubva mutsika dzakasiyana siyana mukudarika kwenguva. Musanganiswa wepfungwa dzakasiyana dzakabva munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Ngatitarisei dzimwe pfungwa dzechimanje-manje kuchinyakare ichi.

http://www.reindeerland.org/santa-claus/history-of-santa-claus.htm

Kutanga uye nhorondo yaSanta Claus- Santa Claus akawana sei zita rake!

“Nhorondo yaSanta Claus inotidzosera kumazana emakore akadarika. Nhorondo yaSanta Claus yakatanga nemurume ainzi Nicholas, akazova munhu mutsvene- Saint Nicholas, mutsvene aive achishanyira vana. Mutambo weSinterklaas, kana kuti St. Nicholas, unopembererwa nevanhu vekuDutch musi wa 6 Zvita. Husiku hwekuzosvika pazuva remhemberero dzaSinterklaas (5 Zvita) Sinterklaas yaipembererwa nekupanana zvipo. Husiku uhu hunodaidzwa kuti “sinterklaasavond” uye rakanangana nevana. KuAmerica Sintarklaas yakazoshanduka kuva Santa Claus”.

Saka Santa aipa vana zvipo musi wa 5 Zvita. Asi takada pfungwa iyi zvakanyanya tikashandura hurongwa hwake tikaita kuti ashande musi wa 24 Zvita, Kisimusi ivhi, raive risiriro zuva raaishanda kubva pakutanga.

Santa pakutanga aingopa vana zvipo, aive asina chekuita nezuva rekuzvarwa kwaJesu.

Kutanga nenhorondo yaSanta Claus – Sinterklaas kana kuti Sinter Claas “Tsika yechimanje-manje inoyanana nezva Sinterklaas wekuDutch tinotenda kuti inobva pabhuku revana rinonzi ‘Sint Nicolaas en zijn knecht’ (Saint Nicholas and his helper) (St Nicholas nemubatsiri wake) rakanyorwa muna 1850 nemudzidzisi ainzi Jan Schenkman (1806-1863) bhuku iri rinozivisa nyaya yaSinterklaas achipa zvipo nemumachimbini edzimba nemabhiza ake anobhururuka nepamusoro pedzimba.”

Nicholas angadaro aiveko zvechokwadi uye akapa zvipo kune vamwe vana. Asi nyaya yemabhiza anobhururuka nepamusoro pedzimba nekupinda nekubuda mumachimbini zvinoratidza kuti nyaya iyi yakafamba uye yakaputirwa nenhema dzakadii uye mifungo yevanhu ichibva yaitwa chitendero. Hakuna anokwanisa kukwikwidza kupa zvipo kuvana. Saka, zvakadaro, Kisimusi iripo zvachose. Asi tingazivise sei chokwadi? Kubva pakufunga kwedu tsika dzedu here kana kuti kubva muBhaibheri?

St Nicholas anoita semunhu akanaka. Pano pane munhu anopa vana zvipo. Haana kuita kunge vazivi vakapa zvipo kuna Jesu here paaive muchidyiro? Saka vanhu vakatora kupa zvipo uku kukuisa mumutambo weKisimusi. Zvikapararira kusvika pakupanana zvipo nehama neshamwari vatinoshandidzana navo nevamwewo.

Asi mirai makadaro, Bhaibheri kuna Mateo chaputa 2 vhesi 11 rinotaura kuti vazivi vakapinda mumba, kwete muchidyiro. Saka vazivi havana kusvika pakazvarwa Jesu chaipo.

Mateo 2:11 Vakapinda mumba, vakawana Mwana naMaria mai vake, vakawira pasi vakamunamata, vakasunungura fuma yavo, vakamupa zvipo zvendarama, nezvinonhuwira nemura.

Jesu aive ava mwana, kwete rusvava. Josefa haana kutaurwa kuti aivepo.

Asi mirai, saka izvi zvinobva zvarwisa rutivi rwebhizimisi rweKisimusi. Hapana zvipo zvaakapiwa musi waakazvarwa! Zvipo zvakazopiwa kwaari kwapera makore maviri asisiri rusvava. (Ndicho chikonzero nei Herodhi akauraya vana vese vaive nemakore maviri nevaduku kwavari).

Vezvemabhizimisi vanovimba nekubudirira kwavanoita kubva pakutenga kunoita vanhu nguva yeKisimusi. Hatingapikisi vemabhizimisi nekuti mari ndiyo yava mwari ari kunamatwa nguva yatiri kurarama nhasi uno. Saka vanhu vanoramba vachigadzira makadhi eKisimusi pamusoro pevazivi vachipinda muchidyiro. Mitambo inoitwa inoramba ichiratidza apo Kristu paakaberekwa muine vafudzi muchidyiro (chinova chokwadi) pamwechete nevazivi vatatu muchidyiro (zvisiri zvechokwadi). Chichechi-chechi chemazuva ano musanganiswa wechokwadi nekutadza kukuru. Kuramba muchidzokorora kukanganisa kwenguva refu vanhu vakawanda vanopedzisira vave kutenda mukukanganisa ikoko.

“Nhorondo yakafambira mberi muna 1931 wezvemifanaidzo anonzi Haddon H. Sundblom akatanga kushandira kambani yeCoca-cola. Kubva muna 1931-1964 aiita mifananidzo yaSanta Kisimusi yega yega achiburitsa Santa akapfeka jazi rake dzvuku sechikamu chekushambadza zvigadzirwa zveCoca-cola panguva yeKisimusi. Mifananidzo yaSanta yakaitwa naHaddon H. Sundblom yakaburitsa mweya wekufara une Kisimusi nekuratidza chiso cheshamwari yake chaiseka nekufara kwazvo. Mufananidzo uyu wakabata mifungo yevanhu zvikawedzera kunhorondo yaSanta Claus.”

Sinterklaas wekuDutch aipfeka jazi reruvara rwegirinhi sekutsanangura kunoita nhorondo. Zita rake rakashandurwa kuva Santa Claus jazi rake rikashandurwa kubva kugirinhi kuva dzvuku.

Coca-cola yakasimbira pajazi dzvuku sezvo nanhasi ruvara runoshandiswa neCoca-cola rutsvuku.

Saka Coca-cola yave nechekuita nechitendero chedu. Munoona kuti takabva sei payambiro yaJuda yekuti tinofanira “kurwira kutenda kwakadei kupiwa vatsvene kamwe”.

Makadhi eKisimusi akatanga kuitwa muna 1843 kuEngland aitengwa neshirini rimwechete pakadhi rimwe. Akava chinhu chikuru mune zvekutengesa. Makore akapoteredza 1860 kugadzirwa kwawo kwakanyanya kwakaita kuti aderere mutengo wawo pfungwa iyi ikaenderera mberi. Muna 2012 Great Britain yakatengesa makadhi eKisimusi 900 miriyoni ikaita mbiri yebhizimisi rakaburitsa mari inokwana kuita 364 miriyoni pamapaundi ekuBritain. Saka mid Victorian Britain yakatanga bhizimisi remaKirisimasi kadhi nekutengeswa kwemifushwa yenzungu nemichero (nekuti kwaive kusina mafiriji mazuva iwayo kuitira kuchengetedza chikafu.

Murume waMambokadzi Victoria, Albert, akaunza tsika yekisimusi yechimanje-manje kuEngland achibva kuGermany. VekuBritain vakabva vanyatsotevedzera muenzaniso wake. Muna 1848 venhau dzekuLondon vakashambadza mufananidzo wemhuri yehumambo yaVictoria naAlbert vari nevana vavo vakamira vakapoteredza muti wakanakisa. Pakarepo miti yeKisimusi yakabva yava chinhu chawaitofanira kuva nacho. Muna 2013 miti yeKisimusi inosvika 6 miriyoni yakatengeswa kuBritain.

Makireka eKisimusi akatanga kugadzirwa muna 1847 na Tom Smith aive mugadziri wezvihwitsi kuLondon. Muna 2013 kambani yekuBritain inonzi Swantex yakatengesa makireka anosvika 25 miriyoni pachayo.

Hushe hweBritain hwakatonga chidimbu chimwechete muzvina zvepasi rese muna 1850. Saka kusanganiswa kwaMambokadzi Victoria mutsika yeKisimusi kwakaita kuti ipararire zvakanyanya kunyanya nechikonzero chekuti vanhu vaizoita mari zhinji kubva pazviri. Rudo rwake muzviitiko zveKisimusi rwakatungidza mutsiridzo yerudo rweKisimusi munyika yeBritain yese. Kubva apa yakabva yapararira pasi rese. Chero maMoslem nemaHindu anotozivikanwawo nekupemberera Kisimusi.

“Kisimusi” harisi muBhaibheri. 25 Zvita harisi muBhaibheri zvakare.

Saka Kisimusi yakasvika sei kuti inzi iriko musi wa 25 Zvita?

MaKristu akatanga kuita fungidziro panyaya iyi kumakore ana 220 AD.

Fungidziro yekutanga: Mweya Mutsvene wakazadza Maria musi wa 25 Kurume. Musabvunze humbowo hweBhaibheri nekuti hapana. Asi zuva iri raive zuva rematsutso apo husiku nemasikati zvaive zviine maawa 12 zvese. Mwari, zvichienderana nevanotaura, vaifadzwa nemazuva akaenzana nehusiku (handina chokwadi kuti nekuda kwei) zvekuti akaita izvi zuva iroro.

Fungidziro yechipiri: Saka mimba yake yakava nemwedzi mipfumbamwe chaiyo, pazuva iroro, saka Jesu akaberekwa musi wa 25 Zvita.

Zvakare, iyi ingori fungidziro isina nheyo dzakasimba. Nhasi uno maKristu vanodaidza fungidziro idzi kuti “Kutenda”. Hazvisi muBhaibheri. Asi maKristu anhasi vanozvitenda. Usangovaudze kuti vatende mune zviri muBhaibheri, sepakapinda vazivi mumba. Bhaibheri haritauri kuti vakapinda muchidyiro, saka maKristu anototenda kuti vakapinda muchidyiro. Zvinoshamisa.

Ngatisanganisei mazuva acho. Vanachiremba vanhasi vanoti mimba inoita mavhiki makumi mana (40) kubva pakutanga kwekutevera kwaamai kwekupedzisira uye mavhiki makumi matatu nemasere (38) kubva musi wabata mimba.

38 x7 = 266 mazuva (kazhinji anozodarikira kuita mazuva 270)

Zvino sanganisai mazuva kubva musi wa 25 Kurume kusvika musi wa 25 Zvita:

7 + 30 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 30 + 25 = 276

Kurume Bambwe Chikunguru Gunyana Mbudzi

Nemaonero anachiremba vanhasi mimba yake yaive yadarika nemazuva 6 kusvika ku 10.

Fungidziro yenguva pamimba haingave nechokwadi nekuti mimba dzinosiyana nemazuva anoverengeka. Kushandisa nzira iyi kuti tiwane zuva chairo hakungatipi mhinduro inoshanda kana yakaringana. Kunyanya kana tisingazivi kuti yakabata rini.

Saka fungidziro mbiri dzinoita kuita kwekutenda! Rinofanira kuva 25 Zvita. Hazvikurudziri, ndizvo here?

Asi aya anga angori mamwe emazuva aifungidzirwa uye 25 Zvita raive risati ranyanya kutambirwa panguva iyoyo. Clement, bhishopu wekuAlexandria, akaverengawo akawana 18 Mbudzi. Rimwe gwaro risingazivikanwe kuti rakanyorwa naniwo kubva kunana 243 AD raiti ndi 28 Kurume. Fitzmeyer aifunga kuti ndi 11 Zvita nevamwe vakaaro.

Muparidzi aive nembiri Chrysostom muna 380 AD muAntiokia akati akanzwa nezva 25 Zvita chete sezuva rakaberekwa Kristu paaive azviudzwa makore gumi aive adarika (muna 370 AD). Chrysostom akaenderera mberi akava bhishopu weConstantinople muna 398 AD akapemberera Kisimusi ikoko.

Sezvakarehwa naWeiser akati, “zvakataurwa zvakajeka kuRoma kuti zuva chairo rakaberekwa Muponesi harizivikanwe uye kuti tsika dzakasiyana dzinoitwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana pasi pano”.

(F. Weiser, Handbook of Christian Feasts and Customs – New York: Harcourt, Brace, and Company, 1958, 61.).

Mumashure ma 200 AD fungidziro dzakasimuka dzakabva dzanongedza zuva rakaberekwa Jesu. Mudzidzi Lupi akaratidza (Zaccaria, Dissertazioni ecc. del p. A.M. Lupi, Faenza, 1785, p. 219) kuti hakuna mwedzi pagore wakasiiwa nevanemasimba kuti vati wakaberekwa Jesu.

Hapana kutaurwa nezvekupemberera kuzvarwa muzvinyorwa zvemaKristu ekutanga vakaita sa Irenaeus (c.130-200) kana Tertullian (c.160-225). Origen wekuAlexandria (c.165-264) akatosvika pakushoropodza mhemberero dzekuberekwa dzaiitwa kuRoma, achidzidaidza kuti tsika “dzemapegani” nekuti kune mazuva akazvarwa vanhu maviri chete akapembererwa akataurwa muBhaibheri, Herodhi na Farao, vese vakauraya pakupemberera mazuva avo avakaberekwa ipapo.

Kisimusi yaive isiri pakati pemitambo yaiitwa neKereke Irenaeus na Tertullian vakaisiya pazvinyorwa zvavo zvavakanyora mitambo yaiitwa; Origen, akati tarisei papfuma ye Natalitia, (in Lev. Hom. viii in Migne, P.G., XII, 495) kuti mumaGwaro vatadzi chete, kwete vatsvene, ndivo vanopemberera mazuva avakazvarwa; Arnobius (VII, 32 in P.L., V, 1264) achiri kukoshesa mazuva akaberekwa vamwari vavo...

Mutambo wemusi wa25 Zvita wakazosvika kuIjipita pakati pa 427 na 433 AD.

Catholic Encyclopaedia.

Saka inonzi Catholic Encyclopaedia yakazotsanangura vatungamiriri vechiKristu vaisatenda kuKisimusi mukati menguva dzenhorondo yekereke yekutanga. Vanhu ava vakararama pakati pegore 130 AD na 254 AD.

Gwaro rekutangisisa apo zuva rakazvarwa Kristu rakatanga kupembererwa musi wa 25 Zvita, kuRoma, rakanyorwa muna 354 AD. (Philocalian Calendar of the year 354 ) rinotaura kuti 25 Zvita raive zuva rakazvarwa zuva risingakundike nezuva rakazvarwa Jesu Kristu. Gwaro iri raibva pakarenda rakataura kusvika kuna 336 AD.

(Herman Wegman, Christian Worship in East and West, New York: Pueblo Publishing, 1985, 103).

Chronography raive gwaro rekereke yeRoma raive rakanyorwa mitambo yemamataya yegore.

Makore akapoteredza 350 AD Julius, bhishopu weRoma, akatambira 25 Zvita nekuti raive ratove zuva raive rakurumbira kumapegani ravaipemberera zuva rakazvarwa mwari wavo. Zuva rakazvarwa Mwanakomana waMwari raizopawo mhemberero kumaKristu rovamisa kupemberera mitambo yemapegani nekuti raive zuva rakazvarwa mwari wavo wezuva (sun god). Nhasi uno maHindu nemaMoslem akawanda anopemberera Kisimusi sezvo zvitendero zvavo hazvina mhemberero dzazvakavaisira musi wa 25 Zvita.

Kubva muna 200 AD, mazuva akawanda ainzi akazvarwa Jesu akataurwa asi zvishoma nezvishoma mukati mezana remakore rakazotevera, 25 Zvita rakazopararira sezvakaita 6 Ndira rakava zuva raipikisa. Chaidiwa yaive kereke ine simba yaizotonga pamusoro pemamwe makereke ese yovaita kuti vese vatambire zuva rimwechete rayaizosarudza. Makereke aida hutungamiriri hwemunhu aizotora zuva risimo muBhaibheri iri kuti ariise muchikamu chedzidziso yekereke. Bhishopu Julius wekuRoma ndiye akazotanga kuita izvi.

Kuti tinzwisise pamusoro peKisimusi tinofanira kuva memuono pamusoro penhorondo yechiKristu yakapatsanurwa pakati peguva dzakatungamidzana nomwe dzinomiririrwa nenguva dzemakereke manomwe muBhuku raZvakazarurwa, chitsauko 2 ne 3.

Zvakazarurwa 1:11 Richiti; Izvo zvaunovona zvinyore mubhuku, uzvitumire kereke nomwe, paEfeso, napaSmirna, napaPergamo, napaTiatira, napaSardisi, napaFiraderfia, napaRaodikia.

Makereke manomwe aya ese akatodarika. Saka anokwanisa kushaiwa zvaanoreva kwatiri nhasi kunze kwekuti anoreva, muchirevo chakadzama, kuhunhu hunobuda kubva munguva nomwe dzenhorondo yedu yemakereke akavapo mukati memakore 2 000 akadarika.

Ngatitarisei tione kana tikakwanisa kuwana humbowo hunotsigira kuturikirwa uku kwemaGwaro.

Nguva yekereke yekutanga yaitongwa nedzidziso dzaipihwa vanhu nevapositora kubva muTestamente Itsva vakabva vavaka kutenda kwavo paMagwaro Matsvene. Vakadzidziswa naJesu uye shungu dzavo dzaive dzekuti vahu vadzidze Bhaibheri vasiyane nekutevera tsika nemifungo yevanhu. Pakupera kwehutongi hwamambo weRoma ainzi Nero muna 68 AD, mapositora akaita saJakobo naPauro vaive vatouraiwa kare. Johane ndiye mupositora akararama zvakanyanya akazofa makore akatenderedza 100 AD. Ipapo kurudziro yemapositora yakabva yatanga kuneta nekuti vanhu vakabva vatanga kukoshesa hungwaru hwavo nepfungwa dzavo dzakachenjera nerudo rwavo rwekuva vakakosha pakati pevamwe.

III Johane inotiyambira pamusoro “paDiotrefe unoda kuva mukuru” mukereke. Zvishoma nezvishoma pfungwa dzevanhu vakakosha vakangwara dzinotora nzvimbo yeBhaibheri.

III Johane 1:9 Ndakanyorera kereke; asi Diotrefe, unoda kuva mukuru pakati pavo, unotiramba isu.

10 Naizvozvo, kana ndichivuya, ndichayevudza mabasa ake aanoita kuti unotiitira makuhwa namashoko akaipa; vuye haatendi naizvozvo bedzi, iye amene haagamuchiri hama uye vakanga vachida havo unovadzivisa, nokuvadzinga mukereke.

Hutungamiriri hwevanhu venyama hwakatanga kutsiva Bhaibheri. Kereke yekutanga yainzi Efeso zvinoreva kuti “kunangana ne” kana kuti “kugadzikika”. Nenguva yakazosvika gore ra 200 AD, kurudziro yemapositora neShoko rakanyorwa raMwari nedzidziso dzevapositora zvaive zvatsiviwa nehutungamiriri hwevanhu nepfungwa dzevanhu, zvinodiwa nezvisingadiwi nevanhu.

Muna 200 AD kereke yekutanga iyo yaive yakanangana nekutevera zvinyorwa zveBhaibheri zvakazara yaive yadarika.

Kereke yechipiri Smirna (zvichireva kurwadziwa uye rufu sezvo yaive iri pamusoro pemura, chizodzo chinovava chinoshandiswa kuzodza vakafa) yakabva yatanga. Madzimambo eRoma aizouraya maKristu zvisina tsitsi maKristu aisvika 3 miriyoni akauraiwa mambo Constantine asati amisa kuuraiwa kwemaKristu muna 313 AD nemutemo wepaMilan izvi zvichibva zvatanga nguva yekereke yechitatu Pergamo (zvinoreva kuti wanano yakazara) . Mubairo wakaripirwa nekereke kuti iwane rugare kwaive kutambira Constantine semusoro wekereke zvakare aida kuti vatongwe nezvaaitenda iye sezvo munhu mumwechete uyu akabva ava nesimba pamusoro pemakereke ese. Constantine aida kuti maKristu nemapegani vabatane saka maKristu akava pawanano yakazara nechipegani sezvo mitambo yechipegani yakatorwa ikapiwa mazita echiKristu.

Hakuna zvinyorwa kana gwaro rinotaura nezveKisimusi kana 25 Zvita mukati menguva yekereke yekutanga.

Mukati menguva yekereke yechipiri muna 274 AD 25 Zvita rakatanga, kuRoma, sezuva rakazvarwa mwari wezuva rakatangwa namambo Aurelian kuti vapemberere kukunda kwake pakubatanidzazve hushe hweRoma hwaive hwapatsanurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu.

Makore akapoteredza 350 AD, mukati menguva yekereke yechitatu, Julius, Bhishopu weRoma, akatambira 25 Zvita nekuti raive ragara rave zuva raive nembiri remitambo yechipegani ravaipemberera zuva rakazvarwa vamwari vavo uye raivewo zuva ravaiti zuva repakati penguva yechando “winter solstice”, zuva pfupisa munguva yechando. (Shanduko duku mumakore ana 1500 naPope Gregory 13 yakazoita kuti winter solstice iende pana 21-22 Zvita paichiri nanhasi panguva yedu.) makore akapoteredza 350 AD neaizotevera, Kisimusi zviri nyorewo yakashandura zuva rekuzvarwa kwamwari wezuva kuti kuve kuzvarwa kweMwanakomana waMwari. Saka Kisimusi yakabva pakuroorana kwechiPegani nepfungwa dzechiKristu.

Hutungamiriri hwevanhu hwakatanga kutora kereke mukati menguva yekereke yechipiri chigaro chabhishopu chikasimudzirwa kuti chive chigaro chemutungamiriri wekereke paguta. Guta rega rega raive nemutungamiriri waro wekereke, bhishopu. Nhorondo yakatambira munhu mumwe kuti ave bhishopu weRoma Antiokia nemamwe maguta akadaro. Asi kushandiswa kwaive koitwa izwi rekuti bhishopu uku hakuna kubvira kwataurwa muTestamente Itsva.

Vafiripi 1:1 Pauro naTimotio, varanda vaKristu Jesu, kuvatsvene vese vari munaKristu Jesu, vari paFiripi, navatariri navaranda vekereke.

Vatariri (mabhishopu) vakataurwa vakawanda paguta reFiripi, guta rakapihwa zita ramambo Firipi aive baba vaAlexander the Great. Saka kwaive nevatariri vakawanda paguta.

MuBhaibheri, kuna 1 Timotio 3:13, mutariri aive nechinzvimbo chakafanana nechemuranda (dhikoni).

Saka bhishopu angori mukuru mukereke. Vakuru vepanzvimbo ndivo vaitarira kereke yepanzvimbo yavari sezvo vaive nechinzvimbo chekufambisa zvinhu mukereke. Iyi ndiyo nzira yaive yakaiswa nemapositora. Pauro naPetro vese vakataura nevakuru sevatungamiriri vekereke yepanzvimbo.

Mabasa avapositora 20:17-38 Zvino iye ari paMireto (Pauro) akatumira Efeso, kundodana vakuru vekereke...

  28 Zvichenjerei imi, neboka, ramakaitwa vatariri varo noMweya Mutsvene, kuti mufudze kereke yaMwari, yaakatenga neropa rake....

I Petro 5:1 – 3 Naizvozvo ndinoraira vakuru pakati penyu, ini mukuru pamwechete navo, ….Fudzai boka raMwari riri pakati penyu, musingazviiti nokurovererwa, asi nomoyo unoda, musingazviiti nokuda kwokuraira fuma yakaipa.

Saka vakuru vepanzvimbo vaive vakaiswa kuti vatarire sangano rega rega panzvimbo. Izvi zvaimisa munhu mumwechete kuti asatonge sangano.

Izwi rekuti mufudzi (pasita) rakangotaurwa kamwechete muTestamente itsva.

Izvi hazvingatenderi kuti mufundisi atonge sangano.

Vakuru vanotaurwa nezvavo muBhaibheri zvakanyanya, saka ndipo pane hutungamiriri hwekereke hwechokwadi.

Mukati menguva yekereke yechipiri “bhishopu weguta” ndipo paive pabuda vanhu kubva paBhaibheri. MaKristu aive atanga kubva pachokwadi cheBhaibheri vachitambira hutungamiriri hwevanhu. Pakupera kwenguva yekereke yechipiri, guta rega-rega raive nemutungamiriri waro, bhishopu. Izvi zvakaita kuti kutanga kwenguva yekereke yechitatu kuve nyore, apo munhu mumwechete, mambo wezvematongerwo enyika Constantine, akazovawo mutungamiriri wemakereke ese. Zvinhu zvaive zvanyatsobva pachokwadi chemaitirwo aiitwa zvinhu muTestamente Itsva.

Nekufamba kwenguva, 25 Zvita rakatangawo kutambirwa zvakanyanya.

Kunyangwe pasina humbowo hwakajeka hwekuti Kereke yeRoma yakasarudza 25 Zvita kuti zuva rakazvarwa Kristu ritsive “zuva rekuzvarwa kwamwari wezuva,” tine mharidzo dzakaparidzwa nemaFata ekereke vakazoshandisa pfungwa iyi pamashure pekutsiviwa kwezuva rekuzvarwa kwamwari wezuva neraKristu.

Semuenzaniso, Augustine wekuHippo (354-430) mukutaura kwake 202 naLeo the Great (440-461) [ — PL 54 Sources chartiennes 22] vakapa ndima iyi yemafungiro, saka zuva iri rakasarudzwa kuti rienderane nemhemberero dzemapegani dzine mbiri dzaive dzagara dzichiitwa zuva iroro.

MaKristu ane katsika kakaipa kekutevedzera mazano evanhu vavagere navo. Haukwanisi kuyananisira isita egi, isita bhani, kana muti weKisimusi kubva muBhaibheri. Asi idzi ipfungwa dzinoyevedza kwazvo dzinotorwa nemaKristu vachiisawo muchitendero chavo. Zvaive zvakadaro kumashure kubva pakadarika gore ra 312 AD. Constantine ndiye aive gamba. Akamisa kuuraiwa kwemaKristu. Aida kuti maKristu nemapegani vabatane muhushe humwe. Saka maKristu akabva ada kuti amufadze nekutsvaga nzira dzekuti vayananise chipegani nechiKristu. Zvaive zvisisiri “Budai maari vanhu vangu”, (Zvakazarurwa 18:4). Apa zvaive zvava nehungwaru uye zvakanaka pamagariro kuti tsika dzechipegani dzipfekedzwe chiKristu.

Saka mukereke yechitatu chete, makore anokwana 300 mushure mekuberekwa kwaKristu, ndipo pakatanga pfungwa yekumutsvagira zuva raakaberekwa, kuti rive nembiri. Pakati penguva yechando muna Zvita, mazuva akapoteredza 25 Zvita mumazuva iwayo pakarenda raCaesari idzva, yaive nguva yemhemberero dzakawandisa dzemapegani.

Kwaivewo kutanga kwegoredzva kunyika dzemapegani mazhinji.

Saka zvisinei yaingove nguva yemhemberero, saka yaizova nguva yakanaka kuti maKristu apemberewo.

Saka kutaura kuti pakati penguva yechando ndipo pakazvarwa Jesu, zvinoisa chiKristu mumutsetse umwechete netsika dzechipegani.

25 Zvita harina kusarudzwa kuti rifambirane nechipegani. Asi nekuti rakafambirana nemhemberero dzechipegani, rakaunza mikana mizhinji naro. Mapegani aizosununguka kana ari mukereke. Paisazova nekubva zvakanyanya pane zvavanotenda, kwaingove kugadziriswa kuduku kupfurikidza kupihwa kwazvo mazita echiKristu. Mwari wezuva akava Mwanakomana waMwari. Zvese zvakava nyore kuti mapegani akurudzirwe kuti ave mapegani akabhabhatidzwa. Havana kubvira vashandura zvakawanda zvachose. Sekereke nhasi uno iri kukura nekutendera hunhu uye mapfekero enyika.

Kutendera kwakaita Constantine chiKristu muna 312 AD kwakatanga nguva yechitatu yekereke inonzi Pergamo (zvichireva “wanano yakazara”). Akamisa kuuraiwa kwemaKristu, saka ndiye akava gamba panguva iyoyo saka maKristu aive nemufaro wakazara kutevera hutungamiriri hwake.

Akatora hutungamiriri hwekereke nekuti aida kubatanidza maKristu nemapegani, akakurudzira kuitwa kwetsika dzechipegani kuti dzive chiKristu. Kereke nenyika zvaive zvabatanidzwa mumunhu mumwechete. Chitendero nezvematongeerwo enyika zvakabatanidzwa kuti vanhu vaitungamirira vave nesimba guru pamusoro pevanhu. Bhishopu weRoma akatanga kuwana rukudzo sabhishopu weguta guru reRoma. Constantine akapa bhishopu muzinda weLaterani muna 312 AD semuzinda wake waaizogara mutsva zvakawedzera kukudzwa kwabhishopu. Bhishopu weRoma Sylvester akapihwawo hupfumi hwakawandisa naConstantine zvakaita kuti Sylvester ateerere Constantine, pachinzvimbo cheBhaibheri. Kana bhishopu weRoma akatambira kuti 25 Zvita izuva rakaberekwa Jesu, kuwedzera kwekukudzwa kwake kwaizoita kuti vakawanda vatende kuti ndiro zuva raive rakaberekwa Jesu chokwadi. Makore akapoteredza 350 AD, bhishopu weRoma Julius akazvideredza nekuda kwekumanikidzika akatambira 25 Zvita sezuva rakaberekwa Jesu Kristu. ChiKristu chakasunganidzwa netsika dzechipegani. Tsika dzechipegani idzi dzakazobuda, dzisina zvakawanda zvakashanduka pamaitirwo adzo, asi dzaive dzava nemazita dzechiKristu. ChiKristu chakashanduka zvakanyanya sezvo chaive chava kufanira kutora tsika dzechipegani voita tsika idzodzo. Chipegani hachina zvachakashanduka kunze kwemazita echiKristu achakazopihwa.

Julius Caesar, mudzvanyiriri weRoma, akashandura karenda muna 45 BC. Kuita kuti karenda rifambirane memwaka yegore, Caesari akaita kuti gore 46 BC rive nemazuva 445 nekuwedzera mazuva 90 sezvo karenda reRoma raive nemazuva 355 panguva iyoyo. (hongu, pakava nekuratidzira kuzhinji pamusoro pekuita uku. Yakadaidzwa kuti nguva yekukanganisika). Nguva yepakati penguva yechando ndiye akaiita kuti ive 25 Zvita mumazuva iwayo, asi karenda raCaesari rairasikirwa nemazuva matatu pamakore 400 ega ega zvichienzaniswa nemwaka. Saka zuva ravaidaidza kuti “zuva repakati penguva yechando”, zuva pfupi pfupi pagore rakatanga kutsvedza kubuda muna Zvita kusvikira rakurumidza kusvika nemazuva anokwana kuita 12. Izvi zvakazogadziriswa naPope Gregory 13 muna 1582 paakabvisa mazuva gumi zvakaita kuti zuva repakati penguva yechando rive mazuva mashoma tisati tasvika pana 25 Zvita chaipo. Saka nhasi uno tichiri nezuva iri pamazuva akapoteredza 21 Zvita.

Asi tinotenda kutenderera kwenyika, painotenderera, nekuda kwekusaenzana kwayo (kune chando chakaoma chiri kuSouth pole chakawanda kupeta kagumi pane chiri kuNorth pole) nekurudziro yesimba rekurema kwenyika, uye kutenderera kwenyika kusina kuenzana, zuva repakati penguva yechando rinokwanisa kuti siyanei zvichienderana nekuti uri kupi. Gregory akawedzera ripi ye pamakore zana ega ega, kana chiverengo chegore chichikwanisa chete kugovaniswa na 400 zvakayenzana sekuti 1600, 2000 nemamwe akadaro. Kwete 1900 kana kuti 1800. Saka nekuita uku karenda redu haricharasikirwi nemazuva. Shanduko yakaitwa naGregory yakaisa zuva repakati penguva yechando pana 21 Zvita parichiri kana padyo ipapo nhasi uno. Saka kana tichitaura zvakanakisisa, 25 Zvita raive zuva repakati penguva yechando munguva yaCaesari nhasi uno wava musi wa 21 Zvita.

Hakuna anoshungurudzwawo nekushanduka kwakaita mazuva uku. Zviri kungosiiwa zvakadaro.

Asi nekuti zuva repakati penguva yechando rairamba richidzika muna Zvita nemazuva anokwana kuita matatu pamakore 400 ega ega, zvaive nyore kusiya zuva rekuzvarwa kwaJesu Kristu riri pana 25 Zvita rakazoita zuva reKisimusi zvakadaro, raisazova nechekuita nezuva repakati penguva yechando zvachose.

Pakati penguva yechando, zuva iri paraive 25 Zvita panguva yeCaesari, kwaivewo kutanga kwegore munyika zhinji dzechiPegani.

MuEngland yeAnglo-Saxon, gore rainyanya kutanga musi wa 25 Zvita, sezuva repakati penguva yechando, raitaura kutanga kweGore munguva dzemapegani.

“Solstice” zvinoreva kuti zuva (“sol” muchiLatin ) rinomira rotanga kufamba rakarereka richinonyura nekumuganhu munguva yechando apo zuva rinova pfupi, rinobva ramira rakadaro kwezuva rimwechete musi wa 21 Zvita rotanga kubuda richirova nhongonya apo zuva rinotanga kureba munguva yekupisa izvi zvinoitika sekuitika kwechibvumirano cherunyararo panogadzirisana hondo mbiri dzinomira dzese dzosiya kurwa.

Zvisinei, nyika dzekuEurope yekumadokero dzakawanda dzaitanga gore radzo pakuverenga musi wa 25 Zvita (nguva yekuberekwa kwaJesu) 25 Kurume (kutambirwa kwemimba yaJesu) kana nezveIsita, kuFrance... (onai gwaro reLiturgical repagore kuti muzive zvakawanda)

Nyika zhinji dzakatanga kushandura zuva rekutanga kwegore kuriita 1 Ndira mukati memakore akapoteredza 1500. ( Wikipedia).

Nguva yekereke yechitatu yakaona kusimuka kwamambo weRoma semukuru wekereke uye semutungamiriri wenyika. Pakazowa hushe hweRoma kumadokero muna 476 AD paive pasisina aive nesimba rekupikisa maBhabharian, vanhu vakatanga kutarisira kumabhishopu eRoma sevatungamiriri mukereke. Mabhabharian aifadzwawo nemitambo yemaCatholic uye kutaura kwake kwekuti aive nemakiyi edenga sezvo aive akatsiva Petro. Saka negore 600 AD nguva yekereke yechina Tiatira (zvichireva kuti mukadzi anotonga) yakabva yatanga. Mukadzi anomiririra kereke muBhaibheri sezvo kereke yechokwadi inodaidzwa kuti Mwenga waKristu. Mushure mekudarika kwegore 600 AD kereke yeRoma yakatanga kutonga Europe zvishoma nezvishoma, zvese mudzidziso dzezvechitendero uye mumafungiro avo munezvematongerwo enyika.

Saka pagore ra 1800 AD vanhu vakatanga kutora 1 Ndira sezuva rekutanga kwegoredzva na 21 Zvita sezuva repakati penguva yechando, 25 Zvita sezuva reKisimusi sezvo mazuva aya ese aive atenderwa nekereke yeRoma. Mukati meNguva yeRima kereke yeCatholic yakatonga muEurope uye kereke yeCatholic yakaona maUnivesiti kutanga neParis muna 1160 AD yaive nedzidzo zvekuti vakabva vatanga zvidzidzo zvaikurudzirwa nedzidziso dzekereke yeRoma. Vanhu vaive vadzidza ava vaizowana mikana yekutora zvinzvimbo zvepamusoro mukereke uye muhurumende. Saka kutonga kwekereke yeCatholic munyika dzemuEurope kwakaenderera mberi.

Vatungamiriri vechipegani vakawana rukudzo uye mbiri nekutendeuka kuva maKristu vachibva vaita kuti vateveri vavo vaitewo saizvozvo. Vatungamiriri vechipegani vairarama hupenyu hwakaoma hune mheremhere hwaive nekuparadza kukuru hupenyu uhu hwaiwanzova hupfupi kwazvo. Saka vaitodzidza zvinhu zvese kubva kuRoma nekuti yaive nehurongwa hwakangwara uye hwakadzikama hwemitemo nemirairo uye ruzivo rwakadzama mune zvekurima. Muna 782 AD Charlemagne, mambo wemaFrank, akauraya maSaxon 4500 vakaramba kubhabhatidzwa pazuva rimwechete. Saka tsika dzechipegani dzakatanga kufa zvishoma nezvishoma nekufamba kwaiita nguva. Mapegani akaramba ari mapegani akatanga kuva mashoma vachipemberera zuva rakazvarwa mwari wavo wezuva musi wa 25 Zvita. Mapegani mazhinji vakava maKristu vakatanga kupemberera Kisimusi musi wa 25 Zvita.

Saka zuva repakati penguva yechando rakaramba riri zuva rakakosha kumapegani nekuti raive risiri zuva repakati penguva yechando chete asiwo raive zuva raitanga gore ravo idzva. Izvi zvaive nemusoro nekuti mazuva aizotanga kureba uye kudziya mumashure mekudarika kwezuva iri. Ndiyo yaive shanduko huru pamamiriro ekunze pamazuva iwayo yekuti vanhuwo zvavo vaikwanisa kuona. Mapegani mazhinji aive asina kudzidza saka vaitovimba nechiitiko chinokosha seichi, zuva pfupisa apo zuva raive rakadzika zvakanyanya mudenga panguva dzegumi nembiri masikati, kuti vazive kuti goredzva rakwana.

Roma zvisinei yakabva yasimba pakuti zuva rekutanga kwegore idzva raive 1 Ndira asi hapana chinoitika chinoonekwa pamamiriro ekunze kuti vanhu vazive zuva iri. Pakati pa 1500 na 1600 nyika zhinji dzekumadokero kweEurope dzakatorawo zuva regoredzva reRoma kuti vashandisewo iroro 1 Ndira. Roma yaitonga kwazvo muEurope zvekuti yakakwanisa kukurudzira dzimwe nyika kuti dzisiye kushandisa 25 Zvita sezuva rekutanga kwegore idzva.

Zuva repakati penguva yechando raive chinyakare chemapegani chaizivikanwa kwazvo chaive namwari wavo akatemwa akauraiwa akazozvarwazve semwana akamuka kuva mupenyu.

Danda remuti weyure, kazhinji unova muti wemuouki wakatemwa, (Yule zvinoreva “mwana mudiki” muchiChaldee) raipiswa manheru zuva repakati pechando risati rasvika muna Zvita (raive 25 Zvita kusvikira mazuva ashanduka rikazoguma rave musi wa 21 Zvita parava nhasi uno.)

Saka danda reyure, raive rakakura kwazvo, raipiswa kwemazuva gumi nemaviri mumba mune nzvimbo yekuvesera moto (ndiwo mazuva anodaidzwa kuti mazuva gumi nemaviri egamba reKisimusi) kusvikira rapera musi wa 24 Zvita (saka kunova kukosha kweKisimusi ivhi yedu). Zuva rinotevera, vanoisa muti wakashongedzwa mumba imwechete iyoyo kuratidzira kumuka kubva kuvakafa. Muti weyure, kazhinji muouki mukuru kwazvo, chaive chiratidzo chamwari wavo aive atemwa nevavengi vake akafa akazomuka ave mwana mudiki, zvinotaridzwa nemuti wakashongedzwa pakati penguva yechando, 25 Zvita.

Danda raipiswa raive remuti wemuouki uye muti wakashongedzwa waizotora nzvimbo yaro musi wa 25 Zvita waiwanzova muti wakanakisa kana kuti mupaini sezvo iyi yaive miti yairamba yakasvibira mashizha yaipa ruvara rwakanaka muchiratidzo chenzvimbo munguva yechando apo miti yese yairasikirwa nemashizha ayo yoratidzika seyakafa.

Chiitiko chekufa nekumuka chaibva charatidzwa zvakazara. Kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kusingagumi. Chese chinopera chinopa nzira kuchinhu chitsva chinenge chichitanga.

“Yule” izwi rechiChaldee rinoreva kuti mwana mudiki.

Yule kana kuti Yuletide (“nguva yeYule”) mutambo wechitendero unoitwa nevanhu veku Europe, chakazoiswa chikakwaniswa mumhemberero dzechiKristu dzeKisimusi.

Danda reyure, kana rakanyatsokura, raizotsva kwemazuva gumi nemaviri zuva repakati penguva yechando risati rasvika kuti riratidze kufa kwegore dzaru. MaKristu mazhinji achiri kupemberera mazuva gumi nemaviri eKisimusi . Muti weKisimusi chinhu chiri pachena chinoyananisa nechipegani sezvo wakatukwa naJeremia anotiyambira kuti tisatevere tsika dzevahedheni, zvisinei nekuyevedza kwadzingaite nekushongedzwa kwadzo kunokwezva kana ukatarisa.

Jeremia 10:2 – 5 Zvanzi naJehova, regai kudzidza tsika dzamarudzi avanhu,... Nokuti tsika dzavanhu hadzina maturo: nokuti umwe unotema muti mudondo, riri basa ramaoko omunhu unoveza nedemo.

Vanoushongedza nesirivha nendarama: vanourovera nembambo nenyundo, kuti urege kuzununguka.

Zvakafanana nembiru dzakavezwa, dzisingatauri;

Husiku hunozoyedza rava goredzva remaRoma hwaipembererwa neruzha rukuru kuti vadzinge mweya yakaipa. Husiku hunozoedza zuva regoredzva nanhasi ndihwo hune ruzha zvakanyanyisa pane dzimwe mhemberero dzese dzinoitwa zvichiratidza kubatwa kwatakaitwa netsika dzechipegani.

Tisingatauri maIsita bhani nemaisita egi. Hapana kana chimwe chezvinhu izvi chinobva muBhaibheri asi zvakaramba zviri mukereke kubva pazvakapinda mukati menguva yekereke yechitatu apo maKristu akafunga kuti anokwanisa kufadza Mwari nekutora tsika dzinoyevedza uye dzinonakidza dzechipegani.

Mashizha emuhori akasimba nemichero yawo mitsvuku yakajeka yaiita mbiya dzaipfekwa mumisoro yemapirisiti echiDruid mukati menguva yepakati pechando apo mimwe miti mizhinji yese inenge yaoma. Mbiya idzi dzinomiririra kutenderera kwemwaka yegore, kufa nekuberekwa patsva. Nei muti wemuhori uchiri kusanganiswa pakushongedzwa kunoitwa paKisimusi? Muti wemuhori usingashanduke ruvara rwemashizha nemuivhi ndiyo miti inoshandiswa kushongedza dzimba dzevanhu vechipegani munguva yechando. Chinyakare ichi chichiri kuenderera mberi.

Vanoita zvekupira vechipegani zvinodaidzwa kuti Wicca vachiri kushambadza yure uye pakati penguva yechando muzvikamu zveintaneti zvepasi rese.

Tsika dzechipegani dzaiyevedza zvekuti maKristu akadzitora kuita dzavo. Kuita kusina kuchenjera zvachose.

Bhaibheri rinoti “Budai maari vanhu vangu” (Zvakazarurwa 18:4). haritauri kuti farai mutsika dzechipegani idzi.

25 Zvita rakava nembiri sei?

Munyika dzekuEurope yekumusoro, nguva yechando kunoita chando chinochena zvekuti vanhu vanovharirwa mudzimba dzavo dzinenge dzizere rima. Pakati penguva yechando zuva raive rakaitwa naCaesari 25 Zvita asi rakazova 21 Zvita, zuva rinobuda riri pazasi zvakanyanyisa pechinzvimbo charo chenguva dzese zvoita kuti zuva ribude rakananga nhongonya nyika yova nechiedza chakazara uye kuchidziya. Saka iyi ndiyo nguva yakakodzera kuti mapegani apemberere kufa nekuzvarwazve kwanamwari vavo. Zvibani zvekuita chiedza murima, chikafu nekunwa kwekutsiva kusvotwa kwavaiita vachigara vakazvivharira nekuda kwechando chinochena. Mapegani aibva nzvimbo zhinji oungana panguva yavaiita tsika dzavo dzaivafadza idzi. Saka vanhu vaizononga pfungwa dzavaiona sedzakachenjera kubva munzvimbo dzakasiyana sezvo mhemberero dzepakati penguva yechando dzaiitwa pasi rese munyika zhinji. Kisimusi yakazosimukawo kubva patsika dzechipegani dzaitevedzerwa nevanhu.

Ngatitarisanei neRoma sezvo iri ndiyo yaive nehushe hukurusa.

Saturnaria dzaive mhemberero dzekukudza mwari ainzi Saturni. Mhemberero idzi dzaiitwa musi wa 17 Zvita. Julius Caesari akabva ashandura karenda mumakore akatenderedza 45 BC akawedzera mazuva maviri mumwedzi wandira wega-wega Nyamavhuvhu naZvita saka zuva remhemberero idzi rakazoiswa pana 19 Zvita. Mapurisiti haana kufara sezvo vakaramba vachifunga kuti 17 Zvita ndiro raive zuva rakakodzera kuita izvi. Augustus akava mambo akagadzirisa nyaya iyi nekuita kuti mazuva aya ese ave emhemberero idzi kusanganisira 18 Zvita nezororo reSaturnaria saka dzakazova mhemberero dzemazuva matatu, kubva musi wa 17 kusvika 19 Zvita. Mambo akazouyawo Caligula akawedzerawo mamwe mazuva maviri kuti mhemberero idzi dzibve musi wa 17 kusvika 23 Zvita. Yaive nguva yekupanana zvipo, kunyanya musi wa 23 Zvita. Saturnaria yaivewo nerutivi rwayo rwaive rwakadzima nekuda kwekuitika kwehupombwe uye kumwa vanhu vachiraradza. (Pane chakashanduka here apa? Nei tichiri nemweya wekutengerana zvipo panguva iyi?)

Makore akatenderedza 260 AD hushe hweRoma hwaive hwatanga kuparara. Muna 270 AD mambo aive akachejera mukuru wemauto Aurelian akatora chinzvimbo. Akatorazve hushe hwekumabvazuva akabva atamira kuGaul (France) akatorazve hushe hwekumadokero. Akadzoka kuRoma muma Zvita gore 274 AD achida kutenda mwari wake, mwari wezuva nekuisa zuva rakasarudzika rekupemberera mwari wezuva (sun god). Akasarudza 25 Zvita akariita zuva rakaberekwa zuva risingakundike. Iyi yaive nhanho yakaipa sezvo 25 Zvita raive zuva repakati penguva yechando, zuva pfupisa repagore, mumashure maro mazuva aizova akareba uye akajeka, saka nekudaro zuva raikura nekusimba. Izvi zvaiisa zuva iri mumutsetse mumwe nedzimwe mhemberero dzemapegani aipemberera zuva repakati penguva yechando. Nyika zhinji dzekuErope dzaitora 25 Zvita sezuva rekutanga regore saka zuva iroro raive ragara riri zuva rine mbiri kuvanhu vekuEurope nekuda kwemhemberero dzaiitwa mariri. 1Ndira rakazotambirwa sezuva rekutanga kwegore kunyanya makore akapoteredza 1500 AD. Nekufamba kwenguva, kupemberera zuva rakazvarwa mwari wezuva kwakaramba kuchikurumbira sezvo 25 Zvita raive ragara riri zuva rakajairwa nevanhu kuti vanopemberera goredzva uye zuva repakati penguva yechando rekuzvarwa patsva kwanamwari vechipegani vaive vauraiwa zvino vaive vozvarwazve vodzoka kuhupenyu.

Pasi pamambo Constantine (makore akapoteredza 325 AD) namambo Theodosius (makore akapoteredza 380 AD) kereke yakaedza kubatana nemitambo yechipegani kuitira kuti vakurudzire kana kumanikidza mapegani kuti vapindewo mukereke. Saka chiKristu chakabva chatanga kutora kuita kwakati wandei kwechipegani.

Izvi zvinoita sezvisingaitiki asi chero nhasi uno kereke ichiri kutora tsika dzemunyika, hunhu uye mapfekero. Vatungamiriri vemakereke vanozviisa munezvematongerwo enyika sekereke yeReformed church yeDutch yakabvumirana nekuita kweapatheid muna 1948 asi chiitiko chimwe muzviitiko zvizhinji waiona kereke ichitambira zviri munyika. Ko kuuraya kwakaipisisa kwemaKurusedhi muNguva yeRima apo maKurusedha aiuraya, kuba, kupaza nekubata vanhu chibharo vofukidza kuita kwavo nezita rekuti vari kuita hondo tsvene. Hondo haisarudzi kuti ndiyani ari kurutivi rwerudyi inongosarudza kuti ndiyani ari kuruboshwe.

Kereke yakagara ichiita zvinhu zvinoitwa kunze nekuti vanoona mazano aya achiyevedza sezvo zvinowedzera vanhu vanouya kukereke. Nyeredzi dzeZodiac dzakatangwa neBabironi makore anokwana kuita 4 000 akadarika. Nhasi uno vanhu vanotambudzika kana vakawana pepanhau kana magazini risina chikamu chine horosikopu nekushopera kwayo pane ramagwana ravo. MaKristu akawanda achiri kuverenga izvi, uye kutenda muzvinyorwa izvi. Saka maKristu anoramba achiyevedzwa nezvenyika ino uye vanotowana zvikonzero zvekuisa zvinhu zvisiri muBhaibheri izvi mukereke. Kutendera kuroorana kwevarume nevarume kana vakadzi nevakadzi kana kuti vanhu vararame muzvivi unova mumwe muenzaniso weruzivo rwunoita hwaro hwekereke. Bato reNational Part remuSouth Africa parakatanga apathaid, kereke yeDutch Reformed yaive kereke yavo yakatotsigira neBhaibheri kuti apatheid hwaive hurongwa hwaMwari. F.W Klerk paakawana simba rekutanga kurwisa apatheid, kereke yeDutch pakarepo yakatsigirazve neBhaibheri kuti apatheid yaive yakaipa. Saka maKristu ari kutungamirirwa nezvematongerwo enyika uye kurudziro yenyika ino. Mbiri ndiro zita remutambo wacho.

Theodosius paakaita mambo muna 378 AD akaisa mutemo wakaomarara muna 318 AD apo mapegani aizouraiwa. Saka vakabva vatanga kushandura tuzvitendero twavo vachituisa mazita ane mazwi echiKristu. Saka musenturi ino zviri nyore kuti tione kuti mazita anamwari vechipegani akatanga kudaidzwa nemazita emaKristu aive nembiri kuitira kuti zviumbwa zvavo zvisare zvisina kubatwa-batwa. Dai chiumbwa chakapihwa zita rekuti Jupita chaizoparadzwa. Chidaidzei kuti St Petro chaizorarama. Matemberi echipegani akava makereke. Misoro, yakaitwa parusvingo rweBabel, yakava zviratidzo zvemakereke zvakakosha nhasi uno. Zuva rekuzvarwa “kwamwari wezuva” (sun god) raive musi wa 25 Zvita rakava zuva rekuzvarwa “kweMwanakomana waMwari” (Son of God) kana muchitendawo kuti Jesu akaberekwa musi wa 25 Zvita.

Gwaro rekutangisisa apo kuzvarwa kwaJesu kwakatanga kupembererwa musi wa 25 Zvita, kuRoma, raive Chronography muna 354 A.D. Gwaro iri raive nezvinyorwa zvemhemberero dzese dzezuva rekuberekwa kwamwari wezuva uye zuva rakazvarwa Jesu. Saka kutambirwa kwa 25 Zvita sezuva rekuzvarwa kwaJesu kwakatanga kukura nekufamba kwenguva. Vanhu vakachenjera vakarukanisa chiKristu nechipegani nenzira inoyevedza uye inotambirika nekuti hapana pakati pavo anoshandisa Bhaibheri senheyo yavo.

Bhaibheri ndiro chiedza chedu. Ukabata chiedza zvisiri izvo chinodzima. Zvinoshamisa here kuti nguva yekereke yakazotevera Tiatira (zvinoreva kuti mukadzi anotonga), yakapinza nyika mukati menguva yerima apo kereke yeCatholic yaitonga Europe.

Jesu akaberekwa pakati penguva yechando here?

Jesu akati “nyengeterai kuti kutiza kwenyu kurege kuva muchando” (Mateo 24:20) nekuti Zvita naNdira mwedzi inotonhora zvakanyanya nguva dzehusiku kunyika dzekwakaberekerwa Jesu. Josefa haaizotora mukadzi akazvitakura achifamba naye pakati pechando vasina pekunogara pahusiku hwavaizova vachifamba nekuti dzimba dzese dzekubhadhara dzaive dzakazara. KuIsiraeri, vafudzi havaburitsi mapoka avo husiku kana mwedzi waGumiguru wadarika, nekuti kunenge kuchitonhora zvakanyanya. Asi vafudzi vaive kunze nemapoka avo vakauya vakanamata Jesu. Pamwedzi yese yatingasarudze kuti Jesu akazvarwa, pakati penguva yechando (Zvita munyika dzekumusoro) ndipo pakaipisisa.

Vazivi havana kupinda muchidyiro. Vakapinda mumba vakaona Jesu naMaria. Hapana kutaurwa nezvaJosefa. Asi kupa kunoitwa zvipo pakati penguva yechando kumaRoma vanoda kuti zvipo zvitengwe zvipihwe. Mari yaisanganisirwa saka guhwa rakapararira kuti vazivi vakapinda muchidyiro kuti vanopa zvipo zvavo. Nhasi uno mabhizimisi anotenderedza kutenga zvipo zveKisimusi saka chero maKristu akanaka ane chokwadi chekuti vazivi vakapinda muchidyiro kuti vayananisire kutenga kwavo kwavanoita zvipo (tsika yeSaturnalia, nekuti 23 Zvita raive zuva rekupedzisira reSaturnaria saka nekudaro ndiro zuva guru rekupanana zvipo.)

MaKristu haazivi zviri muBhaibheri (kuti vazivi vakapinda mumba) asi vanoziva zvisiri muBhaibheri: kuti vazivi vakapinda muchidyiro, paive nevazivi vatatu mazita avo aive Merichior, Gaspar naBalthazar. Hapana kana chimwe chekutaura uku kunotsigirwa nezvinyorwa zvemuBhaibheri.

Zvinoshamisa kuti kereke yenguva yekupedzisira (Raodikia, zvichireva kodzero dzevanhu) inotsanangurwa ichinzi ibofu.

Zvakazarurwa 3:14 – 17 Nyorera mutumwa wekereke iri paRaodikia:... Ndinoziva mabasa ako, kuti hautonhori kana kupisa:... Zvino zvaunodziya,...

Nokuti unoti, ndakafuma ndakafumiswa, handishaiwi chinhu; usingazivi, kuti ndiwe unovurombo nenhamo, uri murombo nebofu usina chokufuka.

Bofu zvinoreva kuti hatisi kuona kuti tiri kutenda kuzvinhu zvakatanga nemaPegan.

Kushaiwa chokufuka. Haisi tsananguro yakaipa pamusoro pemapfekero anhasi ekuti vanhu vanofamba vachionesa miviri yavo nekuda kwefeshoni.

Kodzero dzevanhu, kodzero dzekuroorana nemunhu wawafunga. Kunyangwe ari munhu akaita sewe kana uri mukadzi woroorana nemukadzi.

Nhasi uno kune kukosha kukuru kuri kuiswa pakodzero dzevanhu kuti vararame madiro avo, vasingawirirani nemiganhu kana mitemo. Hatidi kana kuteerera mitemo yemumigwagwa kana tichifunga kuti tinokwanisa kubuda mairi. Kumwa nekutyaira. Vanhu vanoda kuita izvozvo. Ndicho chikonzero chekufa kunoita vanhu mumigwagwa zvinosiya mhuri zhinji dzichichema nekuomerwa kukuru kunyanya pakati penguva dzezororo remuna Zvita.

Ko kodzero dzaMwari dzekutiudza kuti torarama sei toita hunhu hwakaita sei uye totenda mune zvipi?

Takamira papi naMwari nhasi uno?